Add DynamicClientStore (#5670)

* Add DynamicClientStore

* Formatting

* Fix Debug assertion

* Make Identity internals visible to its unit tests

* Add installation client provider tests

* Add internal client provider tests

* Add DynamicClientStore tests

* Fix namespaces after merge

* Format

* Add docs and remove TODO comments

* Use preferred prefix for API keys

---------

Co-authored-by: Jared Snider <116684653+JaredSnider-Bitwarden@users.noreply.github.com>

test/Identity.Test/IdentityServer/DynamicClientStoreTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+using Bit.Identity.IdentityServer;
+using Duende.IdentityServer.Models;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using NSubstitute;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Bit.Identity.Test.IdentityServer;
+
+public class DynamicClientStoreTests
+{
+    private readonly IServiceCollection _services;
+    private readonly IClientProvider _apiKeyProvider;
+
+    private readonly Func<DynamicClientStore> _sutCreator;
+
+    public DynamicClientStoreTests()
+    {
+        _services = new ServiceCollection();
+        _apiKeyProvider = Substitute.For<IClientProvider>();
+
+        _sutCreator = () => new DynamicClientStore(
+            _services.BuildServiceProvider(),
+            _apiKeyProvider,
+            new StaticClientStore(new Core.Settings.GlobalSettings())
+        );
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("mobile")]
+    [InlineData("web")]
+    [InlineData("browser")]
+    [InlineData("desktop")]
+    [InlineData("cli")]
+    [InlineData("connector")]
+    public async Task FindClientByIdAsync_StaticClients_Works(string staticClientId)
+    {
+        var sut = _sutCreator();
+
+        var client = await sut.FindClientByIdAsync(staticClientId);
+
+        Assert.NotNull(client);
+        Assert.Equal(staticClientId, client.ClientId);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task FindClientByIdAsync_SplitName_NoService_ReturnsNull()
+    {
+        _services.AddClientProvider<FakeClientProvider>("my-provider");
+
+        var sut = _sutCreator();
+
+        var client = await sut.FindClientByIdAsync("blah.something");
+
+        Assert.Null(client);
+
+        await _apiKeyProvider
+            .Received(0)
+            .GetAsync(Arg.Any<string>());
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(true)]
+    [InlineData(false)]
+    public async Task FindClientByIdAsync_SplitName_HasService_ReturnsValueFromService(bool returnNull)
+    {
+        var fakeProvider = Substitute.For<IClientProvider>();
+
+        fakeProvider
+            .GetAsync("something")
+            .Returns(returnNull ? null : new Client { ClientId = "fake" });
+
+        _services.AddKeyedSingleton("my-provider", fakeProvider);
+
+        var sut = _sutCreator();
+
+        var client = await sut.FindClientByIdAsync("my-provider.something");
+
+        if (returnNull)
+        {
+            Assert.Null(client);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Assert.NotNull(client);
+        }
+
+        await fakeProvider
+            .Received(1)
+            .GetAsync("something");
+
+        await _apiKeyProvider
+            .Received(0)
+            .GetAsync(Arg.Any<string>());
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(true)]
+    [InlineData(false)]
+    public async Task FindClientByIdAsync_RandomString_NotSplit_TriesApiKey(bool returnsNull)
+    {
+        _apiKeyProvider
+            .GetAsync("random-string")
+            .Returns(returnsNull ? null : new Client { ClientId = "test" });
+
+        var sut = _sutCreator();
+
+        var client = await sut.FindClientByIdAsync("random-string");
+
+        if (returnsNull)
+        {
+            Assert.Null(client);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Assert.NotNull(client);
+        }
+
+        await _apiKeyProvider
+            .Received(1)
+            .GetAsync("random-string");
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("id.")]
+    [InlineData("id.    ")]
+    public async Task FindClientByIdAsync_InvalidIdentifierValue_ReturnsNull(string clientId)
+    {
+        var sut = _sutCreator();
+
+        var client = await sut.FindClientByIdAsync(clientId);
+        Assert.Null(client);
+    }
+
+    private class FakeClientProvider : IClientProvider
+    {
+        public FakeClientProvider()
+        {
+            Fake = Substitute.For<IClientProvider>();
+        }
+
+        public IClientProvider Fake { get; }
+
+        public Task<Client?> GetAsync(string identifier)
+        {
+            return Fake.GetAsync(identifier);
+        }
+    }
+}