[PM-19585] Use Authorize attributes for simple role authorization (#5555)

- Add Authorize<T> attribute
- Add IOrganizationRequirement and example implementation
- Add OrganizationRequirementHandler
- Add extension methods (replacing ICurrentContext)
- Move custom permissions claim definitions

---
Co-authored-by: Justin Baur <19896123+justindbaur@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: ✨ Audrey ✨ <ajensen@bitwarden.com>

test/Api.Test/AdminConsole/Authorization/OrganizationClaimsExtensionsTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+using System.Security.Claims;
+using Bit.Api.AdminConsole.Authorization;
+using Bit.Core.Context;
+using Bit.Core.Entities;
+using Bit.Core.Enums;
+using Bit.Core.Test.AdminConsole.Helpers;
+using Bit.Core.Utilities;
+using Bit.Test.Common.AutoFixture.Attributes;
+using Bit.Test.Common.Helpers;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Bit.Api.Test.AdminConsole.Authorization;
+
+public class OrganizationClaimsExtensionsTests
+{
+    [Theory, BitMemberAutoData(nameof(GetTestOrganizations))]
+    public void GetCurrentContextOrganization_ParsesOrganizationFromClaims(CurrentContextOrganization expected, User user)
+    {
+        var claims = CoreHelpers.BuildIdentityClaims(user, [expected], [], false)
+            .Select(c => new Claim(c.Key, c.Value));
+
+        var claimsPrincipal = new ClaimsPrincipal();
+        claimsPrincipal.AddIdentities([new ClaimsIdentity(claims)]);
+
+        var actual = claimsPrincipal.GetCurrentContextOrganization(expected.Id);
+
+        AssertHelper.AssertPropertyEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    public static IEnumerable<object[]> GetTestOrganizations()
+    {
+        var roles = new List<OrganizationUserType> { OrganizationUserType.Owner, OrganizationUserType.Admin, OrganizationUserType.User };
+        foreach (var role in roles)
+        {
+            yield return
+            [
+                new CurrentContextOrganization
+                {
+                    Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
+                    Type = role,
+                    AccessSecretsManager = true
+                }
+            ];
+        }
+
+        var permissions = PermissionsHelpers.GetAllPermissions();
+        foreach (var permission in permissions)
+        {
+            yield return
+            [
+                new CurrentContextOrganization
+                {
+                    Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
+                    Type = OrganizationUserType.Custom,
+                    Permissions = permission
+                }
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+}