[PM-19585] Use Authorize attributes for simple role authorization (#5555)

- Add Authorize<T> attribute
- Add IOrganizationRequirement and example implementation
- Add OrganizationRequirementHandler
- Add extension methods (replacing ICurrentContext)
- Move custom permissions claim definitions

---
Co-authored-by: Justin Baur <19896123+justindbaur@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: ✨ Audrey ✨ <ajensen@bitwarden.com>

test/Api.Test/AdminConsole/Authorization/OrganizationRequirementHandlerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+using System.Security.Claims;
+using Bit.Api.AdminConsole.Authorization;
+using Bit.Core.Services;
+using Bit.Test.Common.AutoFixture;
+using Bit.Test.Common.AutoFixture.Attributes;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using NSubstitute;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Bit.Api.Test.AdminConsole.Authorization;
+
+[SutProviderCustomize]
+public class OrganizationRequirementHandlerTests
+{
+    [Theory]
+    [BitAutoData((string)null)]
+    [BitAutoData("malformed guid")]
+    public async Task IfInvalidOrganizationId_Throws(string orgId, Guid userId, SutProvider<OrganizationRequirementHandler> sutProvider)
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        ArrangeRouteAndUser(sutProvider, orgId, userId);
+        var testRequirement = Substitute.For<IOrganizationRequirement>();
+        var authContext = new AuthorizationHandlerContext([testRequirement], new ClaimsPrincipal(), null);
+
+        // Act
+        var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(() => sutProvider.Sut.HandleAsync(authContext));
+        Assert.Contains(HttpContextExtensions.NoOrgIdError, exception.Message);
+        Assert.False(authContext.HasSucceeded);
+    }
+
+    [Theory, BitAutoData]
+    public async Task IfHttpContextIsNull_Throws(SutProvider<OrganizationRequirementHandler> sutProvider)
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        sutProvider.GetDependency<IHttpContextAccessor>().HttpContext = null;
+        var testRequirement = Substitute.For<IOrganizationRequirement>();
+        var authContext = new AuthorizationHandlerContext([testRequirement], new ClaimsPrincipal(), null);
+
+        // Act
+        var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(() => sutProvider.Sut.HandleAsync(authContext));
+        Assert.Contains(OrganizationRequirementHandler.NoHttpContextError, exception.Message);
+        Assert.False(authContext.HasSucceeded);
+    }
+
+    [Theory, BitAutoData]
+    public async Task IfUserIdIsNull_Throws(Guid orgId, SutProvider<OrganizationRequirementHandler> sutProvider)
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        ArrangeRouteAndUser(sutProvider, orgId.ToString(), null);
+        var testRequirement = Substitute.For<IOrganizationRequirement>();
+        var authContext = new AuthorizationHandlerContext([testRequirement], new ClaimsPrincipal(), null);
+
+        // Act
+        var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(() => sutProvider.Sut.HandleAsync(authContext));
+        Assert.Contains(OrganizationRequirementHandler.NoUserIdError, exception.Message);
+        Assert.False(authContext.HasSucceeded);
+    }
+
+    [Theory, BitAutoData]
+    public async Task DoesNotAuthorize_IfAuthorizeAsync_ReturnsFalse(
+        SutProvider<OrganizationRequirementHandler> sutProvider, Guid organizationId, Guid userId)
+    {
+        // Arrange route values
+        ArrangeRouteAndUser(sutProvider, organizationId.ToString(), userId);
+
+        // Arrange requirement
+        var testRequirement = Substitute.For<IOrganizationRequirement>();
+        testRequirement
+            .AuthorizeAsync(null, Arg.Any<Func<Task<bool>>>())
+            .ReturnsForAnyArgs(false);
+        var authContext = new AuthorizationHandlerContext([testRequirement], new ClaimsPrincipal(), null);
+
+        // Act
+        await sutProvider.Sut.HandleAsync(authContext);
+
+        // Assert
+        await testRequirement.Received(1).AuthorizeAsync(null, Arg.Any<Func<Task<bool>>>());
+        Assert.False(authContext.HasSucceeded);
+    }
+
+    [Theory, BitAutoData]
+    public async Task Authorizes_IfAuthorizeAsync_ReturnsTrue(
+        SutProvider<OrganizationRequirementHandler> sutProvider, Guid organizationId, Guid userId)
+    {
+        // Arrange route values
+        ArrangeRouteAndUser(sutProvider, organizationId.ToString(), userId);
+
+        // Arrange requirement
+        var testRequirement = Substitute.For<IOrganizationRequirement>();
+        testRequirement
+            .AuthorizeAsync(null, Arg.Any<Func<Task<bool>>>())
+            .ReturnsForAnyArgs(true);
+        var authContext = new AuthorizationHandlerContext([testRequirement], new ClaimsPrincipal(), null);
+
+        // Act
+        await sutProvider.Sut.HandleAsync(authContext);
+
+        // Assert
+        await testRequirement.Received(1).AuthorizeAsync(null, Arg.Any<Func<Task<bool>>>());
+        Assert.True(authContext.HasSucceeded);
+    }
+
+    private static void ArrangeRouteAndUser(SutProvider<OrganizationRequirementHandler> sutProvider, string orgIdRouteValue,
+        Guid? userId)
+    {
+        var httpContext = new DefaultHttpContext();
+        httpContext.Request.RouteValues["orgId"] = orgIdRouteValue;
+        sutProvider.GetDependency<IHttpContextAccessor>().HttpContext = httpContext;
+        sutProvider.GetDependency<IUserService>().GetProperUserId(Arg.Any<ClaimsPrincipal>()).Returns(userId);
+    }
+}