bitwarden/src/Core/Services/Implementations/UserService.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Bit.Core.Context;
using Bit.Core.Entities;
using Bit.Core.Enums;
using Bit.Core.Exceptions;
using Bit.Core.Models;
using Bit.Core.Models.Business;
using Bit.Core.Repositories;
using Bit.Core.Settings;
using Bit.Core.Utilities;
using Fido2NetLib;
using Fido2NetLib.Objects;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using File = System.IO.File;

namespace Bit.Core.Services
{
    public class UserService : UserManager<User>, IUserService, IDisposable
    {
        private const string PremiumPlanId = "premium-annually";
        private const string StoragePlanId = "storage-gb-annually";

        private readonly IUserRepository _userRepository;
        private readonly ICipherRepository _cipherRepository;
        private readonly IOrganizationUserRepository _organizationUserRepository;
        private readonly IOrganizationRepository _organizationRepository;
        private readonly IMailService _mailService;
        private readonly IPushNotificationService _pushService;
        private readonly IdentityErrorDescriber _identityErrorDescriber;
        private readonly IdentityOptions _identityOptions;
        private readonly IPasswordHasher<User> _passwordHasher;
        private readonly IEnumerable<IPasswordValidator<User>> _passwordValidators;
        private readonly ILicensingService _licenseService;
        private readonly IEventService _eventService;
        private readonly IApplicationCacheService _applicationCacheService;
        private readonly IPaymentService _paymentService;
        private readonly IPolicyRepository _policyRepository;
        private readonly IDataProtector _organizationServiceDataProtector;
        private readonly IReferenceEventService _referenceEventService;
        private readonly IFido2 _fido2;
        private readonly ICurrentContext _currentContext;
        private readonly GlobalSettings _globalSettings;
        private readonly IOrganizationService _organizationService;
        private readonly IProviderUserRepository _providerUserRepository;

        public UserService(
            IUserRepository userRepository,
            ICipherRepository cipherRepository,
            IOrganizationUserRepository organizationUserRepository,
            IOrganizationRepository organizationRepository,
            IMailService mailService,
            IPushNotificationService pushService,
            IUserStore<User> store,
            IOptions<IdentityOptions> optionsAccessor,
            IPasswordHasher<User> passwordHasher,
            IEnumerable<IUserValidator<User>> userValidators,
            IEnumerable<IPasswordValidator<User>> passwordValidators,
            ILookupNormalizer keyNormalizer,
            IdentityErrorDescriber errors,
            IServiceProvider services,
            ILogger<UserManager<User>> logger,
            ILicensingService licenseService,
            IEventService eventService,
            IApplicationCacheService applicationCacheService,
            IDataProtectionProvider dataProtectionProvider,
            IPaymentService paymentService,
            IPolicyRepository policyRepository,
            IReferenceEventService referenceEventService,
            IFido2 fido2,
            ICurrentContext currentContext,
            GlobalSettings globalSettings,
            IOrganizationService organizationService,
            IProviderUserRepository providerUserRepository)
            : base(
                  store,
                  optionsAccessor,
                  passwordHasher,
                  userValidators,
                  passwordValidators,
                  keyNormalizer,
                  errors,
                  services,
                  logger)
        {
            _userRepository = userRepository;
            _cipherRepository = cipherRepository;
            _organizationUserRepository = organizationUserRepository;
            _organizationRepository = organizationRepository;
            _mailService = mailService;
            _pushService = pushService;
            _identityOptions = optionsAccessor?.Value ?? new IdentityOptions();
            _identityErrorDescriber = errors;
            _passwordHasher = passwordHasher;
            _passwordValidators = passwordValidators;
            _licenseService = licenseService;
            _eventService = eventService;
            _applicationCacheService = applicationCacheService;
            _paymentService = paymentService;
            _policyRepository = policyRepository;
            _organizationServiceDataProtector = dataProtectionProvider.CreateProtector(
                "OrganizationServiceDataProtector");
            _referenceEventService = referenceEventService;
            _fido2 = fido2;
            _currentContext = currentContext;
            _globalSettings = globalSettings;
            _organizationService = organizationService;
            _providerUserRepository = providerUserRepository;
        }

        public Guid? GetProperUserId(ClaimsPrincipal principal)
        {
            if (!Guid.TryParse(GetUserId(principal), out var userIdGuid))
            {
                return null;
            }

            return userIdGuid;
        }

        public async Task<User> GetUserByIdAsync(string userId)
        {
            if (_currentContext?.User != null &&
                string.Equals(_currentContext.User.Id.ToString(), userId, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
            {
                return _currentContext.User;
            }

            if (!Guid.TryParse(userId, out var userIdGuid))
            {
                return null;
            }

            _currentContext.User = await _userRepository.GetByIdAsync(userIdGuid);
            return _currentContext.User;
        }

        public async Task<User> GetUserByIdAsync(Guid userId)
        {
            if (_currentContext?.User != null && _currentContext.User.Id == userId)
            {
                return _currentContext.User;
            }

            _currentContext.User = await _userRepository.GetByIdAsync(userId);
            return _currentContext.User;
        }

        public async Task<User> GetUserByPrincipalAsync(ClaimsPrincipal principal)
        {
            var userId = GetProperUserId(principal);
            if (!userId.HasValue)
            {
                return null;
            }

            return await GetUserByIdAsync(userId.Value);
        }

        public async Task<DateTime> GetAccountRevisionDateByIdAsync(Guid userId)
        {
            return await _userRepository.GetAccountRevisionDateAsync(userId);
        }

        public async Task SaveUserAsync(User user, bool push = false)
        {
            if (user.Id == default(Guid))
            {
                throw new ApplicationException("Use register method to create a new user.");
            }

            user.RevisionDate = user.AccountRevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
            await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);

            if (push)
            {
                // push
                await _pushService.PushSyncSettingsAsync(user.Id);
            }
        }

        public override async Task<IdentityResult> DeleteAsync(User user)
        {
            // Check if user is the only owner of any organizations.
            var onlyOwnerCount = await _organizationUserRepository.GetCountByOnlyOwnerAsync(user.Id);
            if (onlyOwnerCount > 0)
            {
                var deletedOrg = false;
                var orgs = await _organizationUserRepository.GetManyDetailsByUserAsync(user.Id,
                    OrganizationUserStatusType.Confirmed);
                if (orgs.Count == 1)
                {
                    var org = await _organizationRepository.GetByIdAsync(orgs.First().OrganizationId);
                    if (org != null && (!org.Enabled || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(org.GatewaySubscriptionId)))
                    {
                        var orgCount = await _organizationUserRepository.GetCountByOrganizationIdAsync(org.Id);
                        if (orgCount <= 1)
                        {
                            await _organizationRepository.DeleteAsync(org);
                            deletedOrg = true;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (!deletedOrg)
                {
                    return IdentityResult.Failed(new IdentityError
                    {
                        Description = "Cannot delete this user because it is the sole owner of at least one organization. Please delete these organizations or upgrade another user.",
                    });
                }
            }

            var onlyOwnerProviderCount = await _providerUserRepository.GetCountByOnlyOwnerAsync(user.Id);
            if (onlyOwnerProviderCount > 0)
            {
                return IdentityResult.Failed(new IdentityError
                {
                    Description = "Cannot delete this user because it is the sole owner of at least one provider. Please delete these providers or upgrade another user.",
                });
            }

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(user.GatewaySubscriptionId))
            {
                try
                {
                    await CancelPremiumAsync(user, null, true);
                }
                catch (GatewayException) { }
            }

            await _userRepository.DeleteAsync(user);
            await _referenceEventService.RaiseEventAsync(
                new ReferenceEvent(ReferenceEventType.DeleteAccount, user));
            await _pushService.PushLogOutAsync(user.Id);
            return IdentityResult.Success;
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> DeleteAsync(User user, string token)
        {
            if (!(await VerifyUserTokenAsync(user, TokenOptions.DefaultProvider, "DeleteAccount", token)))
            {
                return IdentityResult.Failed(ErrorDescriber.InvalidToken());
            }

            return await DeleteAsync(user);
        }

        public async Task SendDeleteConfirmationAsync(string email)
        {
            var user = await _userRepository.GetByEmailAsync(email);
            if (user == null)
            {
                // No user exists.
                return;
            }

            var token = await base.GenerateUserTokenAsync(user, TokenOptions.DefaultProvider, "DeleteAccount");
            await _mailService.SendVerifyDeleteEmailAsync(user.Email, user.Id, token);
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> RegisterUserAsync(User user, string masterPassword,
            string token, Guid? orgUserId)
        {
            var tokenValid = false;
            if (_globalSettings.DisableUserRegistration && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(token) && orgUserId.HasValue)
            {
                tokenValid = CoreHelpers.UserInviteTokenIsValid(_organizationServiceDataProtector, token,
                    user.Email, orgUserId.Value, _globalSettings);
            }

            if (_globalSettings.DisableUserRegistration && !tokenValid)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Open registration has been disabled by the system administrator.");
            }

            if (orgUserId.HasValue)
            {
                var orgUser = await _organizationUserRepository.GetByIdAsync(orgUserId.Value);
                if (orgUser != null)
                {
                    var twoFactorPolicy = await _policyRepository.GetByOrganizationIdTypeAsync(orgUser.OrganizationId,
                        PolicyType.TwoFactorAuthentication);
                    if (twoFactorPolicy != null && twoFactorPolicy.Enabled)
                    {
                        user.SetTwoFactorProviders(new Dictionary<TwoFactorProviderType, TwoFactorProvider>
                        {

                            [TwoFactorProviderType.Email] = new TwoFactorProvider
                            {
                                MetaData = new Dictionary<string, object> { ["Email"] = user.Email.ToLowerInvariant() },
                                Enabled = true
                            }
                        });
                        SetTwoFactorProvider(user, TwoFactorProviderType.Email);
                    }
                }
            }

            user.ApiKey = CoreHelpers.SecureRandomString(30);
            var result = await base.CreateAsync(user, masterPassword);
            if (result == IdentityResult.Success)
            {
                await _mailService.SendWelcomeEmailAsync(user);
                await _referenceEventService.RaiseEventAsync(new ReferenceEvent(ReferenceEventType.Signup, user));
            }

            return result;
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> RegisterUserAsync(User user)
        {
            var result = await base.CreateAsync(user);
            if (result == IdentityResult.Success)
            {
                await _mailService.SendWelcomeEmailAsync(user);
                await _referenceEventService.RaiseEventAsync(new ReferenceEvent(ReferenceEventType.Signup, user));
            }

            return result;
        }

        public async Task SendMasterPasswordHintAsync(string email)
        {
            var user = await _userRepository.GetByEmailAsync(email);
            if (user == null)
            {
                // No user exists. Do we want to send an email telling them this in the future?
                return;
            }

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(user.MasterPasswordHint))
            {
                await _mailService.SendNoMasterPasswordHintEmailAsync(email);
                return;
            }

            await _mailService.SendMasterPasswordHintEmailAsync(email, user.MasterPasswordHint);
        }

        public async Task SendTwoFactorEmailAsync(User user, bool isBecauseNewDeviceLogin = false)
        {
            var provider = user.GetTwoFactorProvider(TwoFactorProviderType.Email);
            if (provider == null || provider.MetaData == null || !provider.MetaData.ContainsKey("Email"))
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("No email.");
            }

            var email = ((string)provider.MetaData["Email"]).ToLowerInvariant();
            var token = await base.GenerateUserTokenAsync(user, TokenOptions.DefaultEmailProvider,
                "2faEmail:" + email);

            if (isBecauseNewDeviceLogin)
            {
                await _mailService.SendNewDeviceLoginTwoFactorEmailAsync(email, token);
            }
            else
            {
                await _mailService.SendTwoFactorEmailAsync(email, token);
            }
        }

        public async Task<bool> VerifyTwoFactorEmailAsync(User user, string token)
        {
            var provider = user.GetTwoFactorProvider(TwoFactorProviderType.Email);
            if (provider == null || provider.MetaData == null || !provider.MetaData.ContainsKey("Email"))
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("No email.");
            }

            var email = ((string)provider.MetaData["Email"]).ToLowerInvariant();
            return await base.VerifyUserTokenAsync(user, TokenOptions.DefaultEmailProvider,
                "2faEmail:" + email, token);
        }

        public async Task<CredentialCreateOptions> StartWebAuthnRegistrationAsync(User user)
        {
            var providers = user.GetTwoFactorProviders();
            if (providers == null)
            {
                providers = new Dictionary<TwoFactorProviderType, TwoFactorProvider>();
            }
            var provider = user.GetTwoFactorProvider(TwoFactorProviderType.WebAuthn);
            if (provider == null)
            {
                provider = new TwoFactorProvider
                {
                    Enabled = false
                };
            }
            if (provider.MetaData == null)
            {
                provider.MetaData = new Dictionary<string, object>();
            }

            var fidoUser = new Fido2User
            {
                DisplayName = user.Name,
                Name = user.Email,
                Id = user.Id.ToByteArray(),
            };

            var excludeCredentials = provider.MetaData
                .Where(k => k.Key.StartsWith("Key"))
                .Select(k => new TwoFactorProvider.WebAuthnData((dynamic)k.Value).Descriptor)
                .ToList();

            var authenticatorSelection = new AuthenticatorSelection
            {
                AuthenticatorAttachment = null,
                RequireResidentKey = false,
                UserVerification = UserVerificationRequirement.Discouraged
            };
            var options = _fido2.RequestNewCredential(fidoUser, excludeCredentials, authenticatorSelection, AttestationConveyancePreference.None);

            provider.MetaData["pending"] = options.ToJson();
            providers[TwoFactorProviderType.WebAuthn] = provider;
            user.SetTwoFactorProviders(providers);
            await UpdateTwoFactorProviderAsync(user, TwoFactorProviderType.WebAuthn, false);

            return options;
        }

        public async Task<bool> CompleteWebAuthRegistrationAsync(User user, int id, string name, AuthenticatorAttestationRawResponse attestationResponse)
        {
            var keyId = $"Key{id}";

            var provider = user.GetTwoFactorProvider(TwoFactorProviderType.WebAuthn);
            if (!provider?.MetaData?.ContainsKey("pending") ?? true)
            {
                return false;
            }

            var options = CredentialCreateOptions.FromJson((string)provider.MetaData["pending"]);

            // Callback to ensure credential id is unique. Always return true since we don't care if another
            // account uses the same 2fa key.
            IsCredentialIdUniqueToUserAsyncDelegate callback = args => Task.FromResult(true);

            var success = await _fido2.MakeNewCredentialAsync(attestationResponse, options, callback);

            provider.MetaData.Remove("pending");
            provider.MetaData[keyId] = new TwoFactorProvider.WebAuthnData
            {
                Name = name,
                Descriptor = new PublicKeyCredentialDescriptor(success.Result.CredentialId),
                PublicKey = success.Result.PublicKey,
                UserHandle = success.Result.User.Id,
                SignatureCounter = success.Result.Counter,
                CredType = success.Result.CredType,
                RegDate = DateTime.Now,
                AaGuid = success.Result.Aaguid
            };

            var providers = user.GetTwoFactorProviders();
            providers[TwoFactorProviderType.WebAuthn] = provider;
            user.SetTwoFactorProviders(providers);
            await UpdateTwoFactorProviderAsync(user, TwoFactorProviderType.WebAuthn);

            return true;
        }

        public async Task<bool> DeleteWebAuthnKeyAsync(User user, int id)
        {
            var providers = user.GetTwoFactorProviders();
            if (providers == null)
            {
                return false;
            }

            var keyName = $"Key{id}";
            var provider = user.GetTwoFactorProvider(TwoFactorProviderType.WebAuthn);
            if (!provider?.MetaData?.ContainsKey(keyName) ?? true)
            {
                return false;
            }

            if (provider.MetaData.Count < 2)
            {
                return false;
            }

            provider.MetaData.Remove(keyName);
            providers[TwoFactorProviderType.WebAuthn] = provider;
            user.SetTwoFactorProviders(providers);
            await UpdateTwoFactorProviderAsync(user, TwoFactorProviderType.WebAuthn);
            return true;
        }

        public async Task SendEmailVerificationAsync(User user)
        {
            if (user.EmailVerified)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Email already verified.");
            }

            var token = await base.GenerateEmailConfirmationTokenAsync(user);
            await _mailService.SendVerifyEmailEmailAsync(user.Email, user.Id, token);
        }

        public async Task InitiateEmailChangeAsync(User user, string newEmail)
        {
            var existingUser = await _userRepository.GetByEmailAsync(newEmail);
            if (existingUser != null)
            {
                await _mailService.SendChangeEmailAlreadyExistsEmailAsync(user.Email, newEmail);
                return;
            }

            var token = await base.GenerateChangeEmailTokenAsync(user, newEmail);
            await _mailService.SendChangeEmailEmailAsync(newEmail, token);
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> ChangeEmailAsync(User user, string masterPassword, string newEmail,
            string newMasterPassword, string token, string key)
        {
            var verifyPasswordResult = _passwordHasher.VerifyHashedPassword(user, user.MasterPassword, masterPassword);
            if (verifyPasswordResult == PasswordVerificationResult.Failed)
            {
                return IdentityResult.Failed(_identityErrorDescriber.PasswordMismatch());
            }

            if (!await base.VerifyUserTokenAsync(user, _identityOptions.Tokens.ChangeEmailTokenProvider,
                GetChangeEmailTokenPurpose(newEmail), token))
            {
                return IdentityResult.Failed(_identityErrorDescriber.InvalidToken());
            }

            var existingUser = await _userRepository.GetByEmailAsync(newEmail);
            if (existingUser != null && existingUser.Id != user.Id)
            {
                return IdentityResult.Failed(_identityErrorDescriber.DuplicateEmail(newEmail));
            }

            var result = await UpdatePasswordHash(user, newMasterPassword);
            if (!result.Succeeded)
            {
                return result;
            }

            user.Key = key;
            user.Email = newEmail;
            user.EmailVerified = true;
            user.RevisionDate = user.AccountRevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
            await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
            await _pushService.PushLogOutAsync(user.Id);

            return IdentityResult.Success;
        }

        public override Task<IdentityResult> ChangePasswordAsync(User user, string masterPassword, string newMasterPassword)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> ChangePasswordAsync(User user, string masterPassword, string newMasterPassword,
            string key)
        {
            if (user == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(user));
            }

            if (await CheckPasswordAsync(user, masterPassword))
            {
                var result = await UpdatePasswordHash(user, newMasterPassword);
                if (!result.Succeeded)
                {
                    return result;
                }

                user.RevisionDate = user.AccountRevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
                user.Key = key;

                await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
                await _eventService.LogUserEventAsync(user.Id, EventType.User_ChangedPassword);
                await _pushService.PushLogOutAsync(user.Id);

                return IdentityResult.Success;
            }

            Logger.LogWarning("Change password failed for user {userId}.", user.Id);
            return IdentityResult.Failed(_identityErrorDescriber.PasswordMismatch());
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> SetPasswordAsync(User user, string masterPassword, string key,
            string orgIdentifier = null)
        {
            if (user == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(user));
            }

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(user.MasterPassword))
            {
                Logger.LogWarning("Change password failed for user {userId} - already has password.", user.Id);
                return IdentityResult.Failed(_identityErrorDescriber.UserAlreadyHasPassword());
            }

            var result = await UpdatePasswordHash(user, masterPassword, true, false);
            if (!result.Succeeded)
            {
                return result;
            }

            user.RevisionDate = user.AccountRevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
            user.Key = key;

            await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
            await _eventService.LogUserEventAsync(user.Id, EventType.User_ChangedPassword);

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(orgIdentifier))
            {
                await _organizationService.AcceptUserAsync(orgIdentifier, user, this);
            }

            return IdentityResult.Success;
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> SetKeyConnectorKeyAsync(User user, string key, string orgIdentifier)
        {
            var identityResult = CheckCanUseKeyConnector(user);
            if (identityResult != null)
            {
                return identityResult;
            }

            user.RevisionDate = user.AccountRevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
            user.Key = key;
            user.UsesKeyConnector = true;

            await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
            await _eventService.LogUserEventAsync(user.Id, EventType.User_MigratedKeyToKeyConnector);

            await _organizationService.AcceptUserAsync(orgIdentifier, user, this);

            return IdentityResult.Success;
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> ConvertToKeyConnectorAsync(User user)
        {
            var identityResult = CheckCanUseKeyConnector(user);
            if (identityResult != null)
            {
                return identityResult;
            }

            user.RevisionDate = user.AccountRevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
            user.MasterPassword = null;
            user.UsesKeyConnector = true;

            await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
            await _eventService.LogUserEventAsync(user.Id, EventType.User_MigratedKeyToKeyConnector);

            return IdentityResult.Success;
        }

        private IdentityResult CheckCanUseKeyConnector(User user)
        {
            if (user == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(user));
            }

            if (user.UsesKeyConnector)
            {
                Logger.LogWarning("Already uses Key Connector.");
                return IdentityResult.Failed(_identityErrorDescriber.UserAlreadyHasPassword());
            }

            if (_currentContext.Organizations.Any(u =>
                    u.Type is OrganizationUserType.Owner or OrganizationUserType.Admin))
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Cannot use Key Connector when admin or owner of an organization.");
            }

            return null;
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> AdminResetPasswordAsync(OrganizationUserType callingUserType, Guid orgId, Guid id, string newMasterPassword, string key)
        {
            // Org must be able to use reset password
            var org = await _organizationRepository.GetByIdAsync(orgId);
            if (org == null || !org.UseResetPassword)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Organization does not allow password reset.");
            }

            // Enterprise policy must be enabled
            var resetPasswordPolicy =
                await _policyRepository.GetByOrganizationIdTypeAsync(orgId, PolicyType.ResetPassword);
            if (resetPasswordPolicy == null || !resetPasswordPolicy.Enabled)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Organization does not have the password reset policy enabled.");
            }

            // Org User must be confirmed and have a ResetPasswordKey
            var orgUser = await _organizationUserRepository.GetByIdAsync(id);
            if (orgUser == null || orgUser.Status != OrganizationUserStatusType.Confirmed ||
                orgUser.OrganizationId != orgId || string.IsNullOrEmpty(orgUser.ResetPasswordKey) ||
                !orgUser.UserId.HasValue)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Organization User not valid");
            }

            // Calling User must be of higher/equal user type to reset user's password
            var canAdjustPassword = false;
            switch (callingUserType)
            {
                case OrganizationUserType.Owner:
                    canAdjustPassword = true;
                    break;
                case OrganizationUserType.Admin:
                    canAdjustPassword = orgUser.Type != OrganizationUserType.Owner;
                    break;
                case OrganizationUserType.Custom:
                    canAdjustPassword = orgUser.Type != OrganizationUserType.Owner &&
                        orgUser.Type != OrganizationUserType.Admin;
                    break;
            }

            if (!canAdjustPassword)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Calling user does not have permission to reset this user's master password");
            }

            var user = await GetUserByIdAsync(orgUser.UserId.Value);
            if (user == null)
            {
                throw new NotFoundException();
            }

            if (user.UsesKeyConnector)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Cannot reset password of a user with Key Connector.");
            }

            var result = await UpdatePasswordHash(user, newMasterPassword);
            if (!result.Succeeded)
            {
                return result;
            }

            user.RevisionDate = user.AccountRevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
            user.Key = key;
            user.ForcePasswordReset = true;

            await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
            await _mailService.SendAdminResetPasswordEmailAsync(user.Email, user.Name ?? user.Email, org.Name);
            await _eventService.LogOrganizationUserEventAsync(orgUser, EventType.OrganizationUser_AdminResetPassword);
            await _pushService.PushLogOutAsync(user.Id);

            return IdentityResult.Success;
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> UpdateTempPasswordAsync(User user, string newMasterPassword, string key, string hint)
        {
            if (!user.ForcePasswordReset)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("User does not have a temporary password to update.");
            }

            var result = await UpdatePasswordHash(user, newMasterPassword);
            if (!result.Succeeded)
            {
                return result;
            }

            user.RevisionDate = user.AccountRevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
            user.ForcePasswordReset = false;
            user.Key = key;
            user.MasterPasswordHint = hint;

            await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
            await _mailService.SendUpdatedTempPasswordEmailAsync(user.Email, user.Name ?? user.Email);
            await _eventService.LogUserEventAsync(user.Id, EventType.User_UpdatedTempPassword);
            await _pushService.PushLogOutAsync(user.Id);

            return IdentityResult.Success;
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> ChangeKdfAsync(User user, string masterPassword, string newMasterPassword,
            string key, KdfType kdf, int kdfIterations)
        {
            if (user == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(user));
            }

            if (await CheckPasswordAsync(user, masterPassword))
            {
                var result = await UpdatePasswordHash(user, newMasterPassword);
                if (!result.Succeeded)
                {
                    return result;
                }

                user.RevisionDate = user.AccountRevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
                user.Key = key;
                user.Kdf = kdf;
                user.KdfIterations = kdfIterations;
                await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
                await _pushService.PushLogOutAsync(user.Id);
                return IdentityResult.Success;
            }

            Logger.LogWarning("Change KDF failed for user {userId}.", user.Id);
            return IdentityResult.Failed(_identityErrorDescriber.PasswordMismatch());
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> UpdateKeyAsync(User user, string masterPassword, string key, string privateKey,
            IEnumerable<Cipher> ciphers, IEnumerable<Folder> folders, IEnumerable<Send> sends)
        {
            if (user == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(user));
            }

            if (await CheckPasswordAsync(user, masterPassword))
            {
                user.RevisionDate = user.AccountRevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
                user.SecurityStamp = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
                user.Key = key;
                user.PrivateKey = privateKey;
                if (ciphers.Any() || folders.Any() || sends.Any())
                {
                    await _cipherRepository.UpdateUserKeysAndCiphersAsync(user, ciphers, folders, sends);
                }
                else
                {
                    await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
                }

                await _pushService.PushLogOutAsync(user.Id);
                return IdentityResult.Success;
            }

            Logger.LogWarning("Update key failed for user {userId}.", user.Id);
            return IdentityResult.Failed(_identityErrorDescriber.PasswordMismatch());
        }

        public async Task<IdentityResult> RefreshSecurityStampAsync(User user, string secret)
        {
            if (user == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(user));
            }

            if (await VerifySecretAsync(user, secret))
            {
                var result = await base.UpdateSecurityStampAsync(user);
                if (!result.Succeeded)
                {
                    return result;
                }

                await SaveUserAsync(user);
                await _pushService.PushLogOutAsync(user.Id);
                return IdentityResult.Success;
            }

            Logger.LogWarning("Refresh security stamp failed for user {userId}.", user.Id);
            return IdentityResult.Failed(_identityErrorDescriber.PasswordMismatch());
        }

        public async Task UpdateTwoFactorProviderAsync(User user, TwoFactorProviderType type, bool setEnabled = true)
        {
            SetTwoFactorProvider(user, type, setEnabled);
            await SaveUserAsync(user);
            await _eventService.LogUserEventAsync(user.Id, EventType.User_Updated2fa);
        }

        public async Task DisableTwoFactorProviderAsync(User user, TwoFactorProviderType type,
            IOrganizationService organizationService)
        {
            var providers = user.GetTwoFactorProviders();
            if (!providers?.ContainsKey(type) ?? true)
            {
                return;
            }

            providers.Remove(type);
            user.SetTwoFactorProviders(providers);
            await SaveUserAsync(user);
            await _eventService.LogUserEventAsync(user.Id, EventType.User_Disabled2fa);

            if (!await TwoFactorIsEnabledAsync(user))
            {
                await CheckPoliciesOnTwoFactorRemovalAsync(user, organizationService);
            }
        }

        public async Task<bool> RecoverTwoFactorAsync(string email, string secret, string recoveryCode,
            IOrganizationService organizationService)
        {
            var user = await _userRepository.GetByEmailAsync(email);
            if (user == null)
            {
                // No user exists. Do we want to send an email telling them this in the future?
                return false;
            }

            if (!await VerifySecretAsync(user, secret))
            {
                return false;
            }

            if (!CoreHelpers.FixedTimeEquals(user.TwoFactorRecoveryCode, recoveryCode))
            {
                return false;
            }

            user.TwoFactorProviders = null;
            user.TwoFactorRecoveryCode = CoreHelpers.SecureRandomString(32, upper: false, special: false);
            await SaveUserAsync(user);
            await _mailService.SendRecoverTwoFactorEmail(user.Email, DateTime.UtcNow, _currentContext.IpAddress);
            await _eventService.LogUserEventAsync(user.Id, EventType.User_Recovered2fa);
            await CheckPoliciesOnTwoFactorRemovalAsync(user, organizationService);

            return true;
        }

        public async Task<Tuple<bool, string>> SignUpPremiumAsync(User user, string paymentToken,
            PaymentMethodType paymentMethodType, short additionalStorageGb, UserLicense license,
            TaxInfo taxInfo)
        {
            if (user.Premium)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Already a premium user.");
            }

            if (additionalStorageGb < 0)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("You can't subtract storage!");
            }

            if ((paymentMethodType == PaymentMethodType.GoogleInApp ||
                paymentMethodType == PaymentMethodType.AppleInApp) && additionalStorageGb > 0)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("You cannot add storage with this payment method.");
            }

            string paymentIntentClientSecret = null;
            IPaymentService paymentService = null;
            if (_globalSettings.SelfHosted)
            {
                if (license == null || !_licenseService.VerifyLicense(license))
                {
                    throw new BadRequestException("Invalid license.");
                }

                if (!license.CanUse(user))
                {
                    throw new BadRequestException("This license is not valid for this user.");
                }

                var dir = $"{_globalSettings.LicenseDirectory}/user";
                Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
                using var fs = File.OpenWrite(Path.Combine(dir, $"{user.Id}.json"));
                await JsonSerializer.SerializeAsync(fs, license, JsonHelpers.Indented);
            }
            else
            {
                paymentIntentClientSecret = await _paymentService.PurchasePremiumAsync(user, paymentMethodType,
                    paymentToken, additionalStorageGb, taxInfo);
            }

            user.Premium = true;
            user.RevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;

            if (_globalSettings.SelfHosted)
            {
                user.MaxStorageGb = 10240; // 10 TB
                user.LicenseKey = license.LicenseKey;
                user.PremiumExpirationDate = license.Expires;
            }
            else
            {
                user.MaxStorageGb = (short)(1 + additionalStorageGb);
                user.LicenseKey = CoreHelpers.SecureRandomString(20);
            }

            try
            {
                await SaveUserAsync(user);
                await _pushService.PushSyncVaultAsync(user.Id);
                await _referenceEventService.RaiseEventAsync(
                    new ReferenceEvent(ReferenceEventType.UpgradePlan, user)
                    {
                        Storage = user.MaxStorageGb,
                        PlanName = PremiumPlanId,
                    });
            }
            catch when (!_globalSettings.SelfHosted)
            {
                await paymentService.CancelAndRecoverChargesAsync(user);
                throw;
            }
            return new Tuple<bool, string>(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(paymentIntentClientSecret),
                paymentIntentClientSecret);
        }

        public async Task IapCheckAsync(User user, PaymentMethodType paymentMethodType)
        {
            if (paymentMethodType != PaymentMethodType.AppleInApp)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Payment method not supported for in-app purchases.");
            }

            if (user.Premium)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Already a premium user.");
            }

            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(user.GatewayCustomerId))
            {
                var customerService = new Stripe.CustomerService();
                var customer = await customerService.GetAsync(user.GatewayCustomerId);
                if (customer != null && customer.Balance != 0)
                {
                    throw new BadRequestException("Customer balance cannot exist when using in-app purchases.");
                }
            }
        }

        public async Task UpdateLicenseAsync(User user, UserLicense license)
        {
            if (!_globalSettings.SelfHosted)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Licenses require self hosting.");
            }

            if (license?.LicenseType != null && license.LicenseType != LicenseType.User)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Organization licenses cannot be applied to a user. "
                    + "Upload this license from the Organization settings page.");
            }

            if (license == null || !_licenseService.VerifyLicense(license))
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Invalid license.");
            }

            if (!license.CanUse(user))
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("This license is not valid for this user.");
            }

            var dir = $"{_globalSettings.LicenseDirectory}/user";
            Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
            using var fs = File.OpenWrite(Path.Combine(dir, $"{user.Id}.json"));
            await JsonSerializer.SerializeAsync(fs, license, JsonHelpers.Indented);

            user.Premium = license.Premium;
            user.RevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
            user.MaxStorageGb = _globalSettings.SelfHosted ? 10240 : license.MaxStorageGb; // 10 TB
            user.LicenseKey = license.LicenseKey;
            user.PremiumExpirationDate = license.Expires;
            await SaveUserAsync(user);
        }

        public async Task<string> AdjustStorageAsync(User user, short storageAdjustmentGb)
        {
            if (user == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(user));
            }

            if (!user.Premium)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Not a premium user.");
            }

            var secret = await BillingHelpers.AdjustStorageAsync(_paymentService, user, storageAdjustmentGb,
                StoragePlanId);
            await _referenceEventService.RaiseEventAsync(
                new ReferenceEvent(ReferenceEventType.AdjustStorage, user)
                {
                    Storage = storageAdjustmentGb,
                    PlanName = StoragePlanId,
                });
            await SaveUserAsync(user);
            return secret;
        }

        public async Task ReplacePaymentMethodAsync(User user, string paymentToken, PaymentMethodType paymentMethodType, TaxInfo taxInfo)
        {
            if (paymentToken.StartsWith("btok_"))
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Invalid token.");
            }

            var updated = await _paymentService.UpdatePaymentMethodAsync(user, paymentMethodType, paymentToken, taxInfo: taxInfo);
            if (updated)
            {
                await SaveUserAsync(user);
            }
        }

        public async Task CancelPremiumAsync(User user, bool? endOfPeriod = null, bool accountDelete = false)
        {
            var eop = endOfPeriod.GetValueOrDefault(true);
            if (!endOfPeriod.HasValue && user.PremiumExpirationDate.HasValue &&
                user.PremiumExpirationDate.Value < DateTime.UtcNow)
            {
                eop = false;
            }
            await _paymentService.CancelSubscriptionAsync(user, eop, accountDelete);
            await _referenceEventService.RaiseEventAsync(
                new ReferenceEvent(ReferenceEventType.CancelSubscription, user)
                {
                    EndOfPeriod = eop,
                });
        }

        public async Task ReinstatePremiumAsync(User user)
        {
            await _paymentService.ReinstateSubscriptionAsync(user);
            await _referenceEventService.RaiseEventAsync(
                new ReferenceEvent(ReferenceEventType.ReinstateSubscription, user));
        }

        public async Task EnablePremiumAsync(Guid userId, DateTime? expirationDate)
        {
            var user = await _userRepository.GetByIdAsync(userId);
            await EnablePremiumAsync(user, expirationDate);
        }

        public async Task EnablePremiumAsync(User user, DateTime? expirationDate)
        {
            if (user != null && !user.Premium && user.Gateway.HasValue)
            {
                user.Premium = true;
                user.PremiumExpirationDate = expirationDate;
                user.RevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
                await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
            }
        }

        public async Task DisablePremiumAsync(Guid userId, DateTime? expirationDate)
        {
            var user = await _userRepository.GetByIdAsync(userId);
            await DisablePremiumAsync(user, expirationDate);
        }

        public async Task DisablePremiumAsync(User user, DateTime? expirationDate)
        {
            if (user != null && user.Premium)
            {
                user.Premium = false;
                user.PremiumExpirationDate = expirationDate;
                user.RevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
                await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
            }
        }

        public async Task UpdatePremiumExpirationAsync(Guid userId, DateTime? expirationDate)
        {
            var user = await _userRepository.GetByIdAsync(userId);
            if (user != null)
            {
                user.PremiumExpirationDate = expirationDate;
                user.RevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
                await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
            }
        }

        public async Task<UserLicense> GenerateLicenseAsync(User user, SubscriptionInfo subscriptionInfo = null,
            int? version = null)
        {
            if (user == null)
            {
                throw new NotFoundException();
            }

            if (subscriptionInfo == null && user.Gateway != null)
            {
                subscriptionInfo = await _paymentService.GetSubscriptionAsync(user);
            }

            return subscriptionInfo == null ? new UserLicense(user, _licenseService) :
                new UserLicense(user, subscriptionInfo, _licenseService);
        }

        public override async Task<bool> CheckPasswordAsync(User user, string password)
        {
            if (user == null)
            {
                return false;
            }

            var result = await base.VerifyPasswordAsync(Store as IUserPasswordStore<User>, user, password);
            if (result == PasswordVerificationResult.SuccessRehashNeeded)
            {
                await UpdatePasswordHash(user, password, false, false);
                user.RevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
                await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
            }

            var success = result != PasswordVerificationResult.Failed;
            if (!success)
            {
                Logger.LogWarning(0, "Invalid password for user {userId}.", user.Id);
            }
            return success;
        }

        public async Task<bool> CanAccessPremium(ITwoFactorProvidersUser user)
        {
            var userId = user.GetUserId();
            if (!userId.HasValue)
            {
                return false;
            }
            if (user.GetPremium())
            {
                return true;
            }
            var orgs = await _currentContext.OrganizationMembershipAsync(_organizationUserRepository, userId.Value);
            if (!orgs.Any())
            {
                return false;
            }
            var orgAbilities = await _applicationCacheService.GetOrganizationAbilitiesAsync();
            return orgs.Any(o => orgAbilities.ContainsKey(o.Id) &&
                orgAbilities[o.Id].UsersGetPremium && orgAbilities[o.Id].Enabled);
        }

        public async Task<bool> TwoFactorIsEnabledAsync(ITwoFactorProvidersUser user)
        {
            var providers = user.GetTwoFactorProviders();
            if (providers == null)
            {
                return false;
            }

            foreach (var p in providers)
            {
                if (p.Value?.Enabled ?? false)
                {
                    if (!TwoFactorProvider.RequiresPremium(p.Key))
                    {
                        return true;
                    }
                    if (await CanAccessPremium(user))
                    {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        public async Task<bool> TwoFactorProviderIsEnabledAsync(TwoFactorProviderType provider, ITwoFactorProvidersUser user)
        {
            var providers = user.GetTwoFactorProviders();
            if (providers == null || !providers.ContainsKey(provider) || !providers[provider].Enabled)
            {
                return false;
            }

            if (!TwoFactorProvider.RequiresPremium(provider))
            {
                return true;
            }

            return await CanAccessPremium(user);
        }

        public async Task<string> GenerateSignInTokenAsync(User user, string purpose)
        {
            var token = await GenerateUserTokenAsync(user, Options.Tokens.PasswordResetTokenProvider,
                purpose);
            return token;
        }

        private async Task<IdentityResult> UpdatePasswordHash(User user, string newPassword,
            bool validatePassword = true, bool refreshStamp = true)
        {
            if (validatePassword)
            {
                var validate = await ValidatePasswordInternal(user, newPassword);
                if (!validate.Succeeded)
                {
                    return validate;
                }
            }

            user.MasterPassword = _passwordHasher.HashPassword(user, newPassword);
            if (refreshStamp)
            {
                user.SecurityStamp = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
            }

            return IdentityResult.Success;
        }

        private async Task<IdentityResult> ValidatePasswordInternal(User user, string password)
        {
            var errors = new List<IdentityError>();
            foreach (var v in _passwordValidators)
            {
                var result = await v.ValidateAsync(this, user, password);
                if (!result.Succeeded)
                {
                    errors.AddRange(result.Errors);
                }
            }

            if (errors.Count > 0)
            {
                Logger.LogWarning("User {userId} password validation failed: {errors}.", await GetUserIdAsync(user),
                    string.Join(";", errors.Select(e => e.Code)));
                return IdentityResult.Failed(errors.ToArray());
            }

            return IdentityResult.Success;
        }

        public void SetTwoFactorProvider(User user, TwoFactorProviderType type, bool setEnabled = true)
        {
            var providers = user.GetTwoFactorProviders();
            if (!providers?.ContainsKey(type) ?? true)
            {
                return;
            }

            if (setEnabled)
            {
                providers[type].Enabled = true;
            }
            user.SetTwoFactorProviders(providers);

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(user.TwoFactorRecoveryCode))
            {
                user.TwoFactorRecoveryCode = CoreHelpers.SecureRandomString(32, upper: false, special: false);
            }
        }

        private async Task CheckPoliciesOnTwoFactorRemovalAsync(User user, IOrganizationService organizationService)
        {
            var twoFactorPolicies = await _policyRepository.GetManyByTypeApplicableToUserIdAsync(user.Id,
                PolicyType.TwoFactorAuthentication);

            var removeOrgUserTasks = twoFactorPolicies.Select(async p =>
            {
                await organizationService.DeleteUserAsync(p.OrganizationId, user.Id);
                var organization = await _organizationRepository.GetByIdAsync(p.OrganizationId);
                await _mailService.SendOrganizationUserRemovedForPolicyTwoStepEmailAsync(
                    organization.Name, user.Email);
            }).ToArray();

            await Task.WhenAll(removeOrgUserTasks);
        }

        public override async Task<IdentityResult> ConfirmEmailAsync(User user, string token)
        {
            var result = await base.ConfirmEmailAsync(user, token);
            if (result.Succeeded)
            {
                await _referenceEventService.RaiseEventAsync(
                    new ReferenceEvent(ReferenceEventType.ConfirmEmailAddress, user));
            }
            return result;
        }

        public async Task RotateApiKeyAsync(User user)
        {
            user.ApiKey = CoreHelpers.SecureRandomString(30);
            user.RevisionDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
            await _userRepository.ReplaceAsync(user);
        }

        public async Task SendOTPAsync(User user)
        {
            if (user.Email == null)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("No user email.");
            }

            if (!user.UsesKeyConnector)
            {
                throw new BadRequestException("Not using Key Connector.");
            }

            var token = await base.GenerateUserTokenAsync(user, TokenOptions.DefaultEmailProvider,
                "otp:" + user.Email);
            await _mailService.SendOTPEmailAsync(user.Email, token);
        }

        public Task<bool> VerifyOTPAsync(User user, string token)
        {
            return base.VerifyUserTokenAsync(user, TokenOptions.DefaultEmailProvider,
                "otp:" + user.Email, token);
        }

        public async Task<bool> VerifySecretAsync(User user, string secret)
        {
            return user.UsesKeyConnector
                ? await VerifyOTPAsync(user, secret)
                : await CheckPasswordAsync(user, secret);
        }
    }
}