Fix a few warnings reported by Visual Studio.

Many of VS's warnings are too noisy to be useful, but I just tried the
experiment of turning off the unrecoverable ones and seeing what was
left, and I found a couple of things that actually seem worth fixing.

In a few cases in mpint.c, and in one case in sshzlib.c, we had the
idiom 'size_t var = 1 << bitpos;', and VS pointed out that when '1' is
implicitly a 32-bit int and 'size_t' is 64 bits, this is probably not
what you wanted. Writing '(size_t)1 << bitpos' is safer.

Secondly, VS complained about lots of functions failing to return a
value, or not returning a value on every code path. In every case this
was somewhere that we'd used the local unreachable() idiom to indicate
that those code paths didn't return at all. So the real problem was
that that idiom didn't work in VS. And that's not because VS _can't_
mark functions as noreturn: it has a perfectly good declspec for it.
It was just that we hadn't actually _done_ it. Now added a clause in
the #if in defs.h that spots VS and uses the declspec.

defs.h

@@ -184,6 +184,8 @@ typedef struct PacketProtocolLayer PacketProtocolLayer;
 
 #if defined __GNUC__ || defined __clang__
 #define NORETURN __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#elif defined _MSC_VER
+#define NORETURN __declspec(noreturn)
 #else
 #define NORETURN
 #endif