Now you can optionally get back an enum value indicating whether the
character was successfully decoded, or whether U+FFFD was substituted
due to some kind of problem, and if the latter, what problem.
For a start, this allows distinguishing 'real' U+FFFD (encoded
legitimately in the input) from one invented by the decoder. Also, it
allows the recipient of the decode to treat failures differently,
either by passing on a useful error report to the user (as
utf8_unknown_char now does) or by doing something special.
In particular, there are two distinct error codes for a truncated
UTF-8 encoding, depending on whether it was truncated by the end of
the input or by encountering a non-continuation byte. The former code
means that the string is not legal UTF-8 _as it is_, but doesn't rule
out it being a (bytewise) prefix of a legal UTF-8 string - so if a
client is receiving UTF-8 data a byte at a time, they can treat that
error code specially and not make it a fatal error.
Unlike clang, VS didn't like me using the value of one 'static const'
integer variable to compute the value of another, and complained
'initializer is not a constant'. Replaced all those variables with an
enum, which should also more reliably ensure that even an
unsophisticated compiler doesn't actually reserve data-section space
for them.
A new module in 'utils' computes NFC and NFD, via a new set of data
tables generated by read_ucd.py.
The new module comes with a new test program, which can read the
NormalizationTest.txt that appears in the Unicode Character Database.
All the tests pass, as of Unicode 15.
