The NEON support for SHA-512 acceleration looks very like SHA-256,
with a pair of chained instructions to generate a 128-bit vector
register full of message schedule, and another pair to update the hash
state based on those. But since SHA-512 is twice as big in all
dimensions, those four instructions between them only account for two
rounds of it, in place of four rounds of SHA-256.
Also, it's a tighter squeeze to fit all the data needed by those
instructions into their limited number of register operands. The NEON
SHA-256 implementation was able to keep its hash state and message
schedule stored as 128-bit vectors and then pass combinations of those
vectors directly to the instructions that did the work; for SHA-512,
in several places you have to make one of the input operands to the
main instruction by combining two halves of different vectors from
your existing state. But that operation is a quick single EXT
instruction, so no trouble.
The only other problem I've found is that clang - in particular the
version on M1 macOS, but as far as I can tell, even on current trunk -
doesn't seem to implement the NEON intrinsics for the SHA-512
extension. So I had to bodge my own versions with inline assembler in
order to get my implementation to compile under clang. Hopefully at
some point in the future the gap might be filled and I can relegate
that to a backwards-compatibility hack!
This commit adds the same kind of switching mechanism for SHA-512 that
we already had for SHA-256, SHA-1 and AES, and as with all of those,
plumbs it through to testcrypt so that you can explicitly ask for the
hardware or software version of SHA-512. So the test suite can run the
standard test vectors against both implementations in turn.
On M1 macOS, I'm testing at run time for the presence of SHA-512 by
checking a sysctl setting. You can perform the same test on the
command line by running "sysctl hw.optional.armv8_2_sha512".
As far as I can tell, on Windows there is not yet any flag to test for
this CPU feature, so for the moment, the new accelerated SHA-512 is
turned off unconditionally on Windows.
This is mostly easy: it's just like drawing an underline, except that
you put it at a different height in the character cell. The only
question is _where_ in the character cell.
Pango, and Windows GetOutlineTextMetrics, will tell you exactly where
the font wants to have it. Following xterm, I fall back to 3/8 of the
font's ascent (above the baseline) if either of those is unavailable.
Two minor memory-leak fixes on 0.74 seem not to be needed on master:
the fix in an early exit path of pageant_add_keyfile is done already
on master in a different way, and the missing sfree(fdlist) in
uxsftp.c is in code that's been completely rewritten in the uxcliloop
refactoring.
Other minor conflicts: the rework in commit b52641644905 of
ssh1login.c collided with the change from FLAG_VERBOSE to
seat_verbose(), and master and 0.74 each added an unrelated extra
field to the end of struct SshServerConfig.
udata[uindex] is a wchar_t, so if we pass it to sprintf("%d") we
should cast it to int (because who knows what primitive integer type
that might have corresponded to otherwise). I had done this in the
first of the two sprintfs that use it, but missed the second one a few
lines further on. Spotted by Coverity.
This mitigates CVE-2020-14002: if you're in the habit of clicking OK
to unknown host keys (the TOFU policy - trust on first use), then an
active attacker looking to exploit that policy to substitute their own
host key in your first connection to a server can use the host key
algorithm order in your KEXINIT to (not wholly reliably) detect
whether you have a key already stored for this host, and if so, abort
their attack to avoid giving themself away.
However, for users who _don't_ use the TOFU policy and instead check
new host keys out of band, the dynamic policy is more useful. So it's
provided as a configurable option.
We received a report that if you enable Windows 10's high-contrast
mode, the text in PuTTY's installer UI becomes invisible, because it's
displayed in the system default foreground colour against a background
of the white right-hand side of our 'msidialog.bmp' image. That's fine
when the system default fg is black, but high-contrast mode flips it
to white, and now you have white on white text, oops.
Some research in the WiX bug tracker suggests that in Windows 10 you
don't actually have to use BMP files for your installer images any
more: you can use PNG, and PNGs can be transparent. However, someone
else reported that that only works in up-to-date versions of Windows.
And in fact there's no need to go that far. A more elegant answer is
to simply not cover the whole dialog box with our background image in
the first place. I've reduced the size of the background image so that
it _only_ contains the pretty picture on the left-hand side, and omits
the big white rectangle that used to sit under the text. So now the
RHS of the dialog is not covered by any image at all, which has the
same effect as it being covered with a transparent image, except that
it doesn't require transparency support from msiexec. Either way, the
background for the text ends up being the system's default dialog-box
background, in the absence of any images or controls placed on top of
it - so when the high-contrast mode is enabled, it flips to black at
the same time as the text flips to white, and everything works as it
should.
The slight snag is that the pre-cooked WiX UI dialog specifications
let you override the background image itself, but not the Width and
Height fields in the control specifications that refer to them. So if
you just try to drop in a narrow image in the most obvious way, it
gets stretched across the whole window.
But that's not a show-stopper, because we're not 100% dependent on
getting WiX to produce exactly the right output. We already have the
technology to postprocess the MSI _after_ it comes out of WiX: we're
using it to fiddle the target-platform field for the Windows on Arm
installers. So all I had to do was to turn msiplatform.py into a more
general msifixup.py, add a second option to change the width of the
dialog background image, and run it on the x86 installers as well as
the Arm ones.
If a terminal window closed with a popup (due to a network error,
for instance) while the mouse pointer was hidden by 'Hide mouse
pointer when typing in window', the mouse pointer could remain hidden
while over the terminal window, making it hard to navigate to the
popup.
(cherry picked from commit d9c4ce9fd8)
On Windows, due to a copy-paste goof, the message that should have
read "Configuring n stop bits" instead ended with "data bits".
While I'm here, I've arranged that the "1 stop bit" case of that
message is in the singular. And then I've done the same thing again on
Unix, because I noticed that message was unconditionally plural too.
(cherry picked from commit bdb7b47a5e)
Now you can see exactly what pathname the backend tried to open for
the serial port, and what error code it got back from the OS when it
tried. That should help users distinguish between (for example) a
permissions problem and a typo in the filename.
Now, instead of a 'const char *' in the static data segment, error
messages returned from backend setup are dynamically allocated and
freed by the caller.
This will allow me to make the messages much more specific (including
errno values and the like). However, this commit is pure refactoring:
I've _just_ changed the allocation policy, and left all the messages
alone.
If a terminal window closed with a popup (due to a network error,
for instance) while the mouse pointer was hidden by 'Hide mouse
pointer when typing in window', the mouse pointer could remain hidden
while over the terminal window, making it hard to navigate to the
popup.
This fills in the missing piece of Windows Pageant's story on deferred
decryption: we now actually know how to put up a dialog box asking for
the passphrase, when a not-yet-decrypted key is used.
This is quite a rough implementation so far, but it's a start. Known
issues:
- these new non-modal dialog boxes are serialised with respect to
each other by the Pageant core, but they can run in parallel with a
passphrase prompt popping up from the ordinary GUI 'Add Key'
operation. That may be too confusing; perhaps I should fix it.
- I'm not confident that the passphrase dialog box gets the keyboard
focus in all situations where I'd like it to (or what I can do
about it if not).
- the text in the non-modal box has two copies of the instruction
'enter passphrase for key'.
In commit 1f399bec58 I had the idea of generating the protocol radio
buttons in the GUI configurer by looping over the backends[] array,
which gets the reliably correct list of available backends for a given
binary rather than having to second-guess. That's given me an idea: we
can do the same for the per-backend config panels too.
Now the GUI config panel for every backend is guarded by a check of
backend_vt_from_proto, and we won't display the config for that
backend unless it's present.
In particular, this allows me to move the serial-port configuration
back into config.c from the separate file sercfg.c: we find out
whether to apply it by querying backend_vt_from_proto(PROT_SERIAL),
the same as any other backend.
In _particular_ particular, that also makes it much easier for me to
move the serial config up the pecking order, so that it's now second
only to SSH in the list of per-protocol config panes, which I think is
now where it deserves to be.
(A side effect of that is that I now have to come up with a different
method of having each serial backend specify the subset of parity and
flow control schemes it supports. I've done it by adding an extra pair
of serial-port specific bitmask fields to BackendVtable, taking
advantage of the new vtable definition idiom to avoid having to
boringly declare them as zero in all the other backends.)
This is a sweeping change applied across the whole code base by a spot
of Emacs Lisp. Now, everywhere I declare a vtable filled with function
pointers (and the occasional const data member), all the members of
the vtable structure are initialised by name using the '.fieldname =
value' syntax introduced in C99.
We were already using this syntax for a handful of things in the new
key-generation progress report system, so it's not new to the code
base as a whole.
The advantage is that now, when a vtable only declares a subset of the
available fields, I can initialise the rest to NULL or zero just by
leaving them out. This is most dramatic in a couple of the outlying
vtables in things like psocks (which has a ConnectionLayerVtable
containing only one non-NULL method), but less dramatically, it means
that the new 'flags' field in BackendVtable can be completely left out
of every backend definition except for the SUPDUP one which defines it
to a nonzero value. Similarly, the test_for_upstream method only used
by SSH doesn't have to be mentioned in the rest of the backends;
network Plugs for listening sockets don't have to explicitly null out
'receive' and 'sent', and vice versa for 'accepting', and so on.
While I'm at it, I've normalised the declarations so they don't use
the unnecessarily verbose 'struct' keyword. Also a handful of them
weren't const; now they are.
The motivation is for the SUPDUP protocol. The server may send a
signal for the terminal to reset any input buffers. After this, the
server will not know the state of the terminal, so it is required to
send its cursor position back.
A 'strong' prime, as defined by the Handbook of Applied Cryptography,
is a prime p such that each of p-1 and p+1 has a large prime factor,
and that the large factor q of p-1 is such that q-1 in turn _also_ has
a large prime factor.
HoAC says that making your RSA key using primes of this form defeats
some factoring algorithms - but there are other faster algorithms to
which it makes no difference. So this is probably not a useful
precaution in practice. However, it has been recommended in the past
by some official standards, and it's easy to implement given the new
general facility in PrimeCandidateSource that lets you ask for your
prime to satisfy an arbitrary modular congruence. (And HoAC also says
there's no particular reason _not_ to use strong primes.) So I provide
it as an option, just in case anyone wants to select it.
The change to the key generation algorithm is entirely in sshrsag.c,
and is neatly independent of the prime-generation system in use. If
you're using Maurer provable prime generation, then the known factor q
of p-1 can be used to help certify p, and the one for q-1 to help with
q in turn; if you switch to probabilistic prime generation then you
still get an RSA key with the right structure, except that every time
the definition says 'prime factor' you just append '(probably)'.
(The probabilistic version of this procedure is described as 'Gordon's
algorithm' in HoAC section 4.4.2.)
Most of them are now _mandatory_ P3 scripts, because I'm tired of
maintaining everything to be compatible with both versions.
The current exceptions are gdb.py (which has to live with whatever gdb
gives it), and kh2reg.py (which is actually designed for other people
to use, and some of them might still be stuck on P2 for the moment).
In the Windows GUI, all the controls that were previously named or
labelled Ed25519 are now labelled EdDSA, and when you select that
top-level key type, there's a dropdown for the specific curve (just
like for ECDSA), whose only current value is Ed25519.
In command-line PuTTYgen, you can say '-t eddsa' and give a number of
bits, just like '-t ecdsa'. You can also still say '-t ed25519', for
backwards compatibility.
Also in command-line PuTTYgen, I've reworked the error messages if you
give a number of bits that doesn't correspond to a known elliptic
curve. Now the messages are generated by consulting the list of
curves, so that that list has to be updated by hand in one fewer
place.
In Windows PuTTYgen, this is selected by an extra set of radio-button
style menu options in the Key menu. In the command-line version,
there's a new --primes=provable option.
This whole system is new, so I'm not enabling it by default just yet.
I may in future, though: it's running faster than I expected (in
particular, a lot faster than any previous prototype of the same
algorithm I attempted in standalone Python).
The old system I removed in commit 79d3c1783b had both linear and
exponential phase types, but the new one only had exponential, because
at that point I'd just thrown away all the clients of the linear phase
type. But I'm going to add another one shortly, so I have to put it
back in.
The functions primegen() and primegen_add_progress_phase() are gone.
In their place is a small vtable system with two methods corresponding
to them, plus the usual admin of allocating and freeing contexts.
This API change is the starting point for being able to drop in
different prime generation algorithms at run time in response to user
configuration.
The old API was one of those horrible things I used to do when I was
young and foolish, in which you have just one function, and indicate
which of lots of things it's doing by passing in flags. It was crying
out to be replaced with a vtable.
While I'm at it, I've reworked the code on the Windows side that
decides what to do with the progress bar, so that it's based on
actually justifiable estimates of probability rather than magic
integer constants.
Since computers are generally faster now than they were at the start
of this project, I've also decided there's no longer any point in
making the fixed final part of RSA key generation bother to report
progress at all. So the progress bars are now only for the variable
part, i.e. the actual prime generations.
(This is a reapplication of commit a7bdefb39, without the Miller-Rabin
refactoring accidentally folded into it. Also this time I've added -lm
to the link options, which for some reason _didn't_ cause me a link
failure last time round. No idea why not.)
This reverts commit a7bdefb394.
I had accidentally mashed it together with another commit. I did
actually want to push both of them, but I'd rather push them
separately! So I'm backing out the combined blob, and I'll re-push
them with their proper comments and explanations.
The old API was one of those horrible things I used to do when I was
young and foolish, in which you have just one function, and indicate
which of lots of things it's doing by passing in flags. It was crying
out to be replaced with a vtable.
While I'm at it, I've reworked the code on the Windows side that
decides what to do with the progress bar, so that it's based on
actually justifiable estimates of probability rather than magic
integer constants.
Since computers are generally faster now than they were at the start
of this project, I've also decided there's no longer any point in
making the fixed final part of RSA key generation bother to report
progress at all. So the progress bars are now only for the variable
part, i.e. the actual prime generations.
This is built more or less entirely out of pieces I already had. The
SOCKS server code is provided by the dynamic forwarding code in
portfwd.c. When that accepts a connection request, it wants to talk to
an SSH ConnectionLayer, which is already a trait with interchangeable
implementations - so I just provide one of my own which only supports
the lportfwd_open() method. And that in turn returns an SshChannel
object, with a special trait implementation all of whose methods
just funnel back to an ordinary Socket.
Result: you get a Socket-to-Socket SOCKS implementation with no SSH
anywhere, and even a minimal amount of need to _pretend_ internally to
be an SSH implementation.
Additional features include the ability to log all the traffic in the
form of diagnostics to standard error, or log each direction of each
connection separately to a file, or for anything more general, to log
each direction of each connection through a pipe to a subcommand that
can filter out whatever you think are the interesting parts. Also, you
can spawn a subcommand after the SOCKS server is set up, and terminate
automatically when that subcommand does - e.g. you might use this to
wrap the execution of a single SOCKS-using program.
This is a modernisation of a diagnostic utility I've had kicking
around out-of-tree for a long time. With all of last year's
refactorings, it now becomes feasible to keep it in-tree without
needing huge amounts of scaffolding. Also, this version runs on
Windows, which is more than the old one did. (On Windows I haven't
implemented the subprocess parts, although there's no reason I
_couldn't_.)
As well as diagnostic uses, this may also be useful in some situations
as a thing to forward ports to: PuTTY doesn't currently support
reverse dynamic port forwarding (in which the remote listening port
acts as a SOCKS server), but you could get the same effect by
forwarding a remote port to a local instance of this. (Although, of
course, that's nothing you couldn't achieve using any other SOCKS
server.)
The previous 'name' field was awkwardly serving both purposes: it was
a machine-readable identifier for the backend used in the saved
session format, and it was also used in error messages when Plink
wanted to complain that it didn't support a particular backend. Now
there are two separate name fields for those purposes.
Sometimes, within a switch statement, you want to declare local
variables specific to the handler for one particular case. Until now
I've mostly been writing this in the form
switch (discriminant) {
case SIMPLE:
do stuff;
break;
case COMPLICATED:
{
declare variables;
do stuff;
}
break;
}
which is ugly because the two pieces of essentially similar code
appear at different indent levels, and also inconvenient because you
have less horizontal space available to write the complicated case
handler in - particuarly undesirable because _complicated_ case
handlers are the ones most likely to need all the space they can get!
After encountering a rather nicer idiom in the LLVM source code, and
after a bit of hackery this morning figuring out how to persuade
Emacs's auto-indent to do what I wanted with it, I've decided to move
to an idiom in which the open brace comes right after the case
statement, and the code within it is indented the same as it would
have been without the brace. Then the whole case handler (including
the break) lives inside those braces, and you get something that looks
more like this:
switch (discriminant) {
case SIMPLE:
do stuff;
break;
case COMPLICATED: {
declare variables;
do stuff;
break;
}
}
This commit is a big-bang change that reformats all the complicated
case handlers I could find into the new layout. This is particularly
nice in the Pageant main function, in which almost _every_ case
handler had a bundle of variables and was long and complicated. (In
fact that's what motivated me to get round to this.) Some of the
innermost parts of the terminal escape-sequence handling are also
breathing a bit easier now the horizontal pressure on them is
relieved.
(Also, in a few cases, I was able to remove the extra braces
completely, because the only variable local to the case handler was a
loop variable which our new C99 policy allows me to move into the
initialiser clause of its for statement.)
Viewed with whitespace ignored, this is not too disruptive a change.
Downstream patches that conflict with it may need to be reapplied
using --ignore-whitespace or similar.
We received a report that if you enable Windows 10's high-contrast
mode, the text in PuTTY's installer UI becomes invisible, because it's
displayed in the system default foreground colour against a background
of the white right-hand side of our 'msidialog.bmp' image. That's fine
when the system default fg is black, but high-contrast mode flips it
to white, and now you have white on white text, oops.
Some research in the WiX bug tracker suggests that in Windows 10 you
don't actually have to use BMP files for your installer images any
more: you can use PNG, and PNGs can be transparent. However, someone
else reported that that only works in up-to-date versions of Windows.
And in fact there's no need to go that far. A more elegant answer is
to simply not cover the whole dialog box with our background image in
the first place. I've reduced the size of the background image so that
it _only_ contains the pretty picture on the left-hand side, and omits
the big white rectangle that used to sit under the text. So now the
RHS of the dialog is not covered by any image at all, which has the
same effect as it being covered with a transparent image, except that
it doesn't require transparency support from msiexec. Either way, the
background for the text ends up being the system's default dialog-box
background, in the absence of any images or controls placed on top of
it - so when the high-contrast mode is enabled, it flips to black at
the same time as the text flips to white, and everything works as it
should.
The slight snag is that the pre-cooked WiX UI dialog specifications
let you override the background image itself, but not the Width and
Height fields in the control specifications that refer to them. So if
you just try to drop in a narrow image in the most obvious way, it
gets stretched across the whole window.
But that's not a show-stopper, because we're not 100% dependent on
getting WiX to produce exactly the right output. We already have the
technology to postprocess the MSI _after_ it comes out of WiX: we're
using it to fiddle the target-platform field for the Windows on Arm
installers. So all I had to do was to turn msiplatform.py into a more
general msifixup.py, add a second option to change the width of the
dialog background image, and run it on the x86 installers as well as
the Arm ones.
Similarly to the previous commit, this function had an inconsistent
parameter list between Unix and Windows, because the Windows source
file that defines it (winnet.c) didn't include ssh.h where its
prototype lives, so the compiler never checked.
Luckily, the discrepancy was that the Windows version of the function
was declared as taking an extra parameter which it ignored, so the fix
is very easy.
(cherry picked from commit b7f011aed7)
This was pointed out as a compiler warning when I test-built with
up-to-date clang-cl. It looks as if it would cause the IDM_FULLSCREEN
item on the system menu to be wrongly greyed/ungreyed, but in fact I
think it's benign, because MF_BYCOMMAND == 0. So it's _just_ a
warning fix, luckily!
(cherry picked from commit 213723a718)
A user reports that Visual Studio 2013 and earlier have printf
implementations in their C library that don't support the 'z' modifier
to indicate that an integer argument is size_t. The 'I' modifier
apparently works in place of it.
To avoid littering ifdefs everywhere, I've invented my own inttypes.h
style macros to wrap size_t formatting directives, which are defined
to %zu and %zx normally, or %Iu and %Ix in old-VS mode. Those are in
defs.h, and they're used everywhere that a %z might otherwise get into
the Windows build.
(cherry picked from commit 82a7e8c4ac)
A user reports that the ReadFile call in console_get_userpass_input
fails with ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY on Windows 7, and further reports
that this problem only happens if you tell ReadFile to read more than
31366 bytes in a single call.
That seems to be a thing that other people have found as well: I
turned up a similar workaround in Ruby's Win32 support module, except
that there it's for WriteConsole. So I'm reducing my arbitrary read
size of 64K to 16K, which is well under that limit.
This issue became noticeable in PuTTY as of the recent commit
cd6bc14f0, which reworked console_get_userpass_input to use strbufs.
Previously we were trying to read an amount proportional to the
existing size of the buffer, so as to grow the buffer exponentially to
save quadratic-time reallocation. That was OK in practice, since the
initial read size was nice and small. But in principle, the same bug
was present in that version of the code, just latent - if we'd ever
been called on to read a _really large_ amount of data, then
_eventually_ the input size parameter to ReadFile would have grown
beyond that mysterious limit!
(cherry picked from commit 7b79d22021)
Those chomp operations in wincons.c and uxcons.c looked ugly, and I'm
not totally convinced they couldn't underrun the buffer by 1 byte in
weird circumstances. strbuf_chomp is neater.
(cherry picked from commit 7590d0625b)
UBsan pointed out another memcpy from NULL (again with length 0) in
the prompts_t system. When I looked at it, I realised that firstly
prompt_ensure_result_size was an early not-so-good implementation of
sgrowarray_nm that would benefit from being replaced with a call to
the real one, and secondly, the whole system for storing prompt
results should really have been replaced with strbufs with the no-move
option, because that's doing all the same jobs better.
So, now each prompt_t holds a strbuf in place of its previous manually
managed string. prompt_ensure_result_size is gone (the console
prompt-reading functions use strbuf_append, and everything else just
adds to the strbuf in the usual marshal.c way). New functions exist to
retrieve a prompt_t's result, either by reference or copied.
(cherry picked from commit cd6bc14f04)
These are better than my previous approach of just assigning to
sb->len, because firstly they check by assertion that the new length
is within range, and secondly they preserve the invariant that the
byte stored in the buffer just after the length runs out is \0.
Switched to using the new functions everywhere a grep could turn up
opportunities.
(cherry picked from commit 5891142aee)
In setting up the ECC tests for cmdgen, I noticed that OpenSSH and
PuTTYgen disagree on the bit length to put in a key fingerprint for an
ed25519 key: we think 255, they think 256.
On reflection, I think 255 is more accurate, which is why I bodged
get_fp() in the test suite to ignore that difference when checking our
key fingerprint against OpenSSH's. But having done that, it now seems
silly that if you unnecessarily specify a bit count at ed25519
generation time, cmdgen will insist that it be 256!
255 is now permitted everywhere an ed25519 bit count is input. 256 is
also still allowed for backwards compatibility but 255 is preferred by
the error message if you give any other value.
(cherry picked from commit 187cc8bfcc)
The do_select function is called with a boolean parameter indicating
whether we're supposed to start or stop paying attention to network
activity on a given socket. So if we freeze and unfreeze the socket in
mid-session because of backlog, we'll call do_select(s, false) to
freeze it, and do_select(s, true) to unfreeze it.
But the implementation of do_select in the Windows SFTP code predated
the rigorous handling of socket backlogs, so it assumed that
do_select(s, true) would only be called at initialisation time, i.e.
only once, and therefore that it was safe to use that flag as a cue to
set up the Windows event object to associate with socket activity.
Hence, every time the socket was frozen and unfrozen, we would create
a new netevent at unfreeze time, leaking the old one.
I think perhaps part of the reason why that was hard to figure out was
that the boolean parameter was called 'startup' rather than 'enable'.
To make it less confusing the next time I read this code, I've also
renamed it, and while I was at it, adjusted another related comment.
(cherry picked from commit bd5c957e5b)
This applies to both server modes ('pageant -E key.ppk [lifetime]')
and client mode ('pageant -a -E key.ppk').
I'm not completely confident that the CLI syntax is actually right
yet, but for the moment, it's enough that it _exists_. Now I don't
have to test the encrypted-key loading via manually mocked-up agent
requests.
On Windows, due to a copy-paste goof, the message that should have
read "Configuring n stop bits" instead ended with "data bits".
While I'm here, I've arranged that the "1 stop bit" case of that
message is in the singular. And then I've done the same thing again on
Unix, because I noticed that message was unconditionally plural too.
Now I've got an enum for PlugLogType, it's easier to add things to it.
We were giving a blow-by-blow account of each connection attempt, and
when it failed, saying what went wrong before we moved on to the next
candidate address, but when one finally succeeded, we never logged
_that_. Now we do.
There aren't quite as many of these as there are on Unix, but Windows
Plink and PSFTP still share some suspiciously similar-looking code.
Now they're both clients of wincliloop.c.
This begins to head towards the goal of storing a key file encrypted
in Pageant, and decrypting it on demand via a GUI prompt the first
time a client requests a signature from it. That won't be a facility
available in all situations, so we have to be able to return failure
from the prompt.
More precisely, there are two versions of this API, one in
PageantClient and one in PageantListenerClient: the stream
implementation of PageantClient implements the former API and hands it
off to the latter. Windows Pageant has to directly implement both (but
they will end up funnelling to the same function within winpgnt.c).
NFC: for the moment, the new API functions are never called, and every
implementation of them returns failure.
In the previous trawl of this, I didn't bother with the statics in
main-program modules, on the grounds that my main aim was to avoid
'library' objects (shared between multiple programs) from polluting
the global namespace. But I think it's worth being more strict after
all, so this commit adds 'static' to a lot more file-scope variables
that aren't needed outside their own module.
Now it's no longer used, we can get rid of it, and better still, get
rid of every #define PUTTY_DO_GLOBALS in the many source files that
previously had them.
We now have no remaining things in header files that switch from being
a declaration to a definition depending on an awkward #define at the
point of including that header. There are still a few mutable
variables with external linkage, but at least now each one is defined
in a specific source file file appropriate to its purpose and context.
The remaining globals as of this commit were:
- 'logctx' and 'term', which never needed to be globals in the first
place, because they were never actually shared between source
files. Now 'term' is just a static in window.c, and 'logctx' is a
static in each of that and winplink.c.
- 'hinst', which still has external linkage, but is now defined
separately in each source file that sets it up (i.e. those with a
WinMain)
- osMajorVersion, osMinorVersion and osPlatformId, whose definitions
now live in winmisc.c alongside the code which sets them up.
(Actually they were defined there all along, it turns out, but
every toolchain I've built with has commoned them together with the
version defined by the GLOBAL in the header.)
- 'hwnd', which nothing was actually _using_ any more after previous
commits, so all this commit had to do was delete it.
The declarations in header files now use ordinary 'extern'. That means
I have to arrange to put definitions matching those declarations in
the appropriate modules; so I've made a macro DEFINE_WINDOWS_FUNCTION
which performs a definition matching a prior DECLARE_WINDOWS_FUNCTION
(and reusing the typedef made by the latter).
This applies not only to the batch of functions that were marked
GLOBAL in winstuff.h, but also the auxiliary sets marked
WINCAPI_GLOBAL and WINSECUR_GLOBAL in wincapi.h and winsecur.h
respectively.
This was the difficult part of cleaning up that global variable. The
main Windows PuTTY GUI is split between source files, so that _does_
actually need to refer to the main window from multiple places.
But all the places where windlg.c needed to use 'hwnd' are seat
methods, so they were already receiving a Seat pointer as a parameter.
In other words, the methods of the Windows GUI Seat were already split
between source files. So it seems only fair that they should be able
to share knowledge of the seat's data as well.
Hence, I've created a small 'WinGuiSeat' structure which both window.c
and windlg.c can see the layout of, and put the main terminal window
handle in there. Then the seat methods implemented in windlg.c, like
win_seat_verify_ssh_host_key, can use container_of to turn the Seat
pointer parameter back into the address of that structure, just as the
methods in window.c can do (even though they currently don't need to).
(Who knows: now that it _exists_, perhaps that structure can be
gradually expanded in future to turn it into a proper encapsulation of
all the Windows frontend's state, like we should have had all
along...)
I've also moved the Windows GUI LogPolicy implementation into the same
object (i.e. WinGuiSeat implements both traits at once). That allows
win_gui_logging_error to recover the same WinGuiSeat from its input
LogPolicy pointer, which means it can get from there to the Seat facet
of the same object, so that I don't need the extern variable
'win_seat' any more either.
Windows Pageant doesn't really have a 'main window' any more, ever
since I separated the roles of system-tray management and IPC receiver
into two different hidden windows managed by different threads. So it
was already silly to be storing one of them in the global 'HWND hwnd'
variable, because it's no longer obvious which it should be.
So there's now a static variable 'traywindow' within winpgnt.c which
it uses in place of the global 'hwnd'.
The GUI version of pgp_fingerprints() is now a differently named
function that takes a parent HWND as a parameter, and so does my
help-enabled wrapper around MessageBox.
It's now a static in the main source file of each application that
uses it, and isn't accessible from any other source file unless the
main one passes it by reference.
In fact, there were almost no instances of the latter: only the
config-box functions in windlg.c were using 'conf' by virtue of its
globalness, and it's easy to make those take it as a parameter.
It's silly to set it at each call site of restrict_process_acl() if
that function returns success! More sensible to have it be a flag in
the same source file as restrict_process_acl(), set as an automatic
_side effect_ of success.
I've renamed the variable itself, and the global name 'restricted_acl'
is now a query function that asks winsecur.c whether that operation
has been (successfully) performed.
These global variables are only ever used by load_settings, which uses
them to vary the default protocol and port number in the absence of
any specification elsewhere. So there's no real need for them to be
universally accessible via the awkward GLOBAL mechanism: they can be
statics inside settings.c, with accessor functions that can set them.
That was the last GLOBAL in putty.h, so I've removed the definition of
the macro GLOBAL itself as well. There are still some GLOBALs in the
Windows subdirectory, though.
I haven't managed to make this one _not_ be a mutable variable, but at
least it's not global across all tools any more: it lives in cmdline.c
along with the code that decides what to set it to, and cmdline.c
exports a query method to ask for its value.
Another ugly mutable global variable gone: now, instead of this
variable being defined in cmdline.c and written to by everyone's
main(), it's defined _alongside_ everyone's main() as a constant, and
cmdline.c just refers to it.
A bonus is that now nocmdline.c doesn't have to define it anyway for
tools that don't use cmdline.c. But mostly, it didn't need to be
mutable, so better for it not to be.
While I'm at it, I've also fiddled with the bit flags that go in it,
to define their values automatically using a list macro instead of
manually specifying each one to be a different power of 2.
This is another piece of the old 2003 attempt at async agent requests.
Nothing ever calls this function (in particular, the new working
version of async-agent doesn't need it). Remove it completely, and all
its special-window-message implementations too.
(If we _were_ still using this function, then it would surely be
possible to fold it into the more recently introduced general
toplevel-callback system, and get rid of all this single-use special
code. But we're not, so removing it completely is even easier.)
In particular, this system was the only reason why Windows Plink paid
any attention to its message queue. So now I can make it call plain
WaitForMultipleObjects instead of MsgWaitForMultipleObjects.
This was the easiest flag to remove: nothing ever checks it at all!
It was part of an abandoned early attempt to make Pageant requests
asynchronous. The flag was added in commit 135abf244 (April 2003); the
code that used it was #ifdef-ed out in commit 98d735fde (January 2004),
and removed completely in commit f864265e3 (January 2017).
We now have an actually working system for async agent requests on
Windows, via the new named-pipe IPC. And we also have a perfectly good
way to force a particular agent request to work synchronously: just
pass NULL as the callback function pointer. All of that works just
fine, without ever using this flag. So begone!
The global 'int flags' has always been an ugly feature of this code
base, and I suddenly thought that perhaps it's time to start throwing
it out, one flag at a time, until it's totally unused.
My first target is FLAG_VERBOSE. This was usually set by cmdline.c
when it saw a -v option on the program's command line, except that GUI
PuTTY itself sets it unconditionally on startup. And then various bits
of the code would check it in order to decide whether to print a given
message.
In the current system of front-end abstraction traits, there's no
_one_ place that I can move it to. But there are two: every place that
checked FLAG_VERBOSE has access to either a Seat or a LogPolicy. So
now each of those traits has a query method for 'do I want verbose
messages?'.
A good effect of this is that subsidiary Seats, like the ones used in
Uppity for the main SSH server module itself and the server end of
shell channels, now get to have their own verbosity setting instead of
inheriting the one global one. In fact I don't expect any code using
those Seats to be generating any messages at all, but if that changes
later, we'll have a way to control it. (Who knows, perhaps logging in
Uppity might become a thing.)
As part of this cleanup, I've added a new flag to cmdline_tooltype,
called TOOLTYPE_NO_VERBOSE_OPTION. The unconditionally-verbose tools
now set that, and it has the effect of making cmdline.c disallow -v
completely. So where 'putty -v' would previously have been silently
ignored ("I was already verbose"), it's now an error, reminding you
that that option doesn't actually do anything.
Finally, the 'default_logpolicy' provided by uxcons.c and wincons.c
(with identical definitions) has had to move into a new file of its
own, because now it has to ask cmdline.c for the verbosity setting as
well as asking console.c for the rest of its methods. So there's a new
file clicons.c which can only be included by programs that link
against both cmdline.c _and_ one of the *cons.c, and I've renamed the
logpolicy to reflect that.
These were just too footling for even me to bother splitting up into
multiple commits:
- a couple of int -> size_t changes left out of the big-bang commit
0cda34c6f
- a few 'const' added to pointer-type casts that are only going to be
read from (leaving out the const provokes a warning if the pointer
was const _before_ the cast)
- a couple of 'return' statements trying to pass the void return of
one function through to another.
- another missing (void) in a declaration in putty.h (but this one
didn't cause any knock-on confusion).
- a few tweaks to macros, to arrange that they eat a semicolon after
the macro call (extra do ... while (0) wrappers, mostly, and one
case where I had to do it another way because the macro included a
variable declaration intended to remain in scope)
- reworked key_type_to_str to stop putting an unreachable 'break'
statement after every 'return'
- removed yet another type-check of a function loaded from a Windows
system DLL
- and finally, a totally spurious semicolon right after an open brace
in mainchan.c.
A trawl through the code with -Wmissing-prototypes and
-Wmissing-variable-declarations turned up a lot of things that should
have been internal to a particular source file, but were accidentally
global. Keep the namespace clean by making them all static.
(Also, while I'm here, a couple of them were missing a 'const': the
ONE and ZERO arrays in sshcrcda.c, and EMPTY_WINDOW_TITLE in
terminal.c.)
These are all intended to ensure that the declarations of things in
header files are in scope where the same thing is subsequently
defined, to make it harder to define it in a way that doesn't match.
(For example, the new #include in winnet.c would have caught the
just-fixed mis-definition of platform_get_x11_unix_address.)
Similarly to the previous commit, this function had an inconsistent
parameter list between Unix and Windows, because the Windows source
file that defines it (winnet.c) didn't include ssh.h where its
prototype lives, so the compiler never checked.
Luckily, the discrepancy was that the Windows version of the function
was declared as taking an extra parameter which it ignored, so the fix
is very easy.
In commit 09954a87c I introduced the portfwdmgr_connect_socket()
system, which opened a port forwarding given a callback to create the
Socket itself, with the aim of using it to make forwardings to Unix-
domain sockets and Windows named pipes (both initially for agent
forwarding).
But I forgot that a year and a bit ago, in commit 834396170, I already
introduced a similar low-level system for creating a PortForwarding
around an unusual kind of socket: the portfwd_raw_new() system, which
in place of a callback uses a two-phase setup protocol (you create the
socket in between the two setup calls, and can roll it back if the
socket can't be created).
There's really no need to have _both_ these systems! So now I'm
merging them, which is to say, I'm enhancing portfwd_raw_new to have
the one new feature it needs, and throwing away the newer system
completely. The new feature is to be able to control the initial state
of the 'ready' flag: portfwd_raw_new was always used for initiating
port forwardings in response to an incoming local connection, which
means you need to start off with ready=false and set it true when the
other end of the SSH connection sends back OPEN_CONFIRMATION. Now it's
being used for initiating port forwardings in response to a
CHANNEL_OPEN, we need to be able to start with ready=true.
This commit reverts 09954a87c2 and its
followup fix 12aa06ccc9, and simplifies
the agent_connect system down to a single trivial function that makes
a Socket given a Plug.
This was pointed out as a compiler warning when I test-built with
up-to-date clang-cl. It looks as if it would cause the IDM_FULLSCREEN
item on the system menu to be wrongly greyed/ungreyed, but in fact I
think it's benign, because MF_BYCOMMAND == 0. So it's _just_ a
warning fix, luckily!
A user reports that Visual Studio 2013 and earlier have printf
implementations in their C library that don't support the 'z' modifier
to indicate that an integer argument is size_t. The 'I' modifier
apparently works in place of it.
To avoid littering ifdefs everywhere, I've invented my own inttypes.h
style macros to wrap size_t formatting directives, which are defined
to %zu and %zx normally, or %Iu and %Ix in old-VS mode. Those are in
defs.h, and they're used everywhere that a %z might otherwise get into
the Windows build.
In an early draft of commit de38a4d82 I used 'void *' as the reqid
type, and then I thought better of it and made it a special type of
its own, in keeping with my usual idea that it's better to have your
casts somewhat checked than totally unchecked. One remnant of the
'void *' version got past me. Now fixed.
A user reports that the ReadFile call in console_get_userpass_input
fails with ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY on Windows 7, and further reports
that this problem only happens if you tell ReadFile to read more than
31366 bytes in a single call.
That seems to be a thing that other people have found as well: I
turned up a similar workaround in Ruby's Win32 support module, except
that there it's for WriteConsole. So I'm reducing my arbitrary read
size of 64K to 16K, which is well under that limit.
This issue became noticeable in PuTTY as of the recent commit
cd6bc14f0, which reworked console_get_userpass_input to use strbufs.
Previously we were trying to read an amount proportional to the
existing size of the buffer, so as to grow the buffer exponentially to
save quadratic-time reallocation. That was OK in practice, since the
initial read size was nice and small. But in principle, the same bug
was present in that version of the code, just latent - if we'd ever
been called on to read a _really large_ amount of data, then
_eventually_ the input size parameter to ReadFile would have grown
beyond that mysterious limit!
This is a pure refactoring: no functional change expected.
This commit introduces two new small vtable-style APIs. One is
PageantClient, which identifies a particular client of the Pageant
'core' (meaning the code that handles each individual request). This
changes pageant_handle_msg into an asynchronous operation: you pass in
an agent request message and an identifier, and at some later point,
the got_response method in your PageantClient will be called with the
answer (and the same identifier, to allow you to match requests to
responses). The trait vtable also contains a logging system.
The main importance of PageantClient, and the reason why it has to
exist instead of just passing pageant_handle_msg a bare callback
function pointer and context parameter, is that it provides robustness
if a client stops existing while a request is still pending. You call
pageant_unregister_client, and any unfinished requests associated with
that client in the Pageant core will be cleaned up, so that you're
guaranteed that after the unregister operation, no stray callbacks
will happen with a stale pointer to that client.
The WM_COPYDATA interface of Windows Pageant is a direct client of
this API. The other client is PageantListener, the system that lives
in pageant.c and handles stream-based agent connections for both Unix
Pageant and the new Windows named-pipe IPC. More specifically, each
individual connection to the listening socket is a separate
PageantClient, which means that if a socket is closed abruptly or
suffers an OS error, that client can be unregistered and any pending
requests cancelled without disrupting other connections.
Users of PageantListener have a second client vtable they can use,
called PageantListenerClient. That contains _only_ logging facilities,
and at the moment, only Unix Pageant bothers to use it (and even that
only in debugging mode).
Finally, internally to the Pageant core, there's a new trait called
PageantAsyncOp which describes an agent request in the process of
being handled. But at the moment, it has only one trivial
implementation, which is handed the full response message already
constructed, and on the next toplevel callback, passes it back to the
PageantClient.
This is preparation to allow Pageant to be able to return to its GUI
main loop in the middle of handling a request (e.g. present a dialog
box to the user related to that particular request, and wait for the
user's response). In order to do that, we need the main thread's
Windows message loop to never be blocked by a WM_COPYDATA agent
request.
So I've split Pageant's previous hidden window into two hidden
windows, each with a subset of the original roles, and created in
different threads so that they get independent message loops. The one
in the main thread receives messages relating to Pageant's system tray
icon; the one in the subthread has the identity known to (old) Pageant
clients, and receives WM_COPYDATA messages only. Each WM_COPYDATA is
handled by passing the request back to the main thread via an event
object integrated into the Pageant main loop, and then waiting for a
second event object that the main thread will signal when the answer
comes back, and not returning from the WndProc handler until the
response arrives.
Hence, if an agent request received via WM_COPYDATA requires GUI
activity, then the main thread's GUI message loop will be able to do
that in parallel with all Pageant's other activity, including other
GUI activity (like the key list dialog box) and including responding
to other requests via named pipe.
I can't stop WM_COPYDATA requests from blocking _each other_, but this
allows them not to block anything else. And named-pipe requests block
nothing at all, so as clients switch over to the new IPC, even that
blockage will become less and less common.
Those chomp operations in wincons.c and uxcons.c looked ugly, and I'm
not totally convinced they couldn't underrun the buffer by 1 byte in
weird circumstances. strbuf_chomp is neater.
UBsan pointed out another memcpy from NULL (again with length 0) in
the prompts_t system. When I looked at it, I realised that firstly
prompt_ensure_result_size was an early not-so-good implementation of
sgrowarray_nm that would benefit from being replaced with a call to
the real one, and secondly, the whole system for storing prompt
results should really have been replaced with strbufs with the no-move
option, because that's doing all the same jobs better.
So, now each prompt_t holds a strbuf in place of its previous manually
managed string. prompt_ensure_result_size is gone (the console
prompt-reading functions use strbuf_append, and everything else just
adds to the strbuf in the usual marshal.c way). New functions exist to
retrieve a prompt_t's result, either by reference or copied.
These are better than my previous approach of just assigning to
sb->len, because firstly they check by assertion that the new length
is within range, and secondly they preserve the invariant that the
byte stored in the buffer just after the length runs out is \0.
Switched to using the new functions everywhere a grep could turn up
opportunities.
In setting up the ECC tests for cmdgen, I noticed that OpenSSH and
PuTTYgen disagree on the bit length to put in a key fingerprint for an
ed25519 key: we think 255, they think 256.
On reflection, I think 255 is more accurate, which is why I bodged
get_fp() in the test suite to ignore that difference when checking our
key fingerprint against OpenSSH's. But having done that, it now seems
silly that if you unnecessarily specify a bit count at ed25519
generation time, cmdgen will insist that it be 256!
255 is now permitted everywhere an ed25519 bit count is input. 256 is
also still allowed for backwards compatibility but 255 is preferred by
the error message if you give any other value.
Now they have names that are more consistent (no more userkey_this but
that_userkey); a bit shorter; and, most importantly, all the current
functions end in _f to indicate that they deal with keys stored in
disk files. I'm about to add a second set of entry points that deal
with keys via the more general BinarySource / BinarySink interface,
which will sit alongside these with a different suffix.
As in the previous commit, this means that agent_query() is now able
to operate in an asynchronous mode, so that if Pageant takes time to
answer a request, the GUI of the PuTTY instance making the request
won't be blocked.
Also as in the previous commit, we still fall back to the WM_COPYDATA
protocol if the new named pipe protocol isn't available.
Now that Pageant runs a named-pipe server as well as a WM_COPYDATA
server, we prefer the former (if available) for agent forwarding, for
the same reasons as on Unix: it lets us establish a simple raw-data
streaming connection instead of agentf.c's complicated message
boundary detection and buffer management, and if agent connections
ever become stateful, this technique will cope.
On Windows, another advantage of this change is that forwarded agent
requests can now be asynchronous: if the agent takes time to respond
to a request for any reason, then the rest of PuTTY's GUI and SSH
connection are not blocked, and you can carry on working while the
agent is thinking about the request.
(I didn't list that as a benefit of doing the same thing for Unix in
commit ae1148267, because on Unix, agent_query() could _already_ run
asynchronously. It's only on Windows that that's new.)
This reuses all the named-pipe IPC code I set up for connection
sharing a few years ago, to set up a named pipe with a predictable
name and speak the stream-oriented SSH agent protocol over it.
In this commit, we just set up the server, and there's no code that
speaks the client end of the new IPC yet. But my plan is that clients
should switch over to using this interface if possible, because it's
generally better: it doesn't have to be handled synchronously in the
middle of a GUI event loop (either in Pageant itself _or_ in its
client), and it's a better fit to the connection-oriented nature of
forwarded agent connections (so if any features ever appear in the
agent protocol that require state within a connection, we'll now be
able to support them).
This contains most of the guts of the previously monolithic function
new_named_pipe_client(), but it directly returns the HANDLE to the
opened pipe, or a string error message on failure.
new_named_pipe_client() is now a thin veneer on top of that, which
returns a Socket * by wrapping up the HANDLE into a HandleSocket or
the error message into an ErrorSocket as appropriate.
So it's now possible to connect to a named pipe, using all our usual
infrastructure (including in particular the ownership check of the
server, to defend against spoofing attacks), without having to have a
Socket-capable event loop in progress.
Windows Plink and PSFTP had very similar implementations, and now they
share one that lives in a new file winselcli.c. I've similarly moved
GUI PuTTY's implementation out of window.c into winselgui.c, where
other GUI programs wanting to do networking will be able to access
that too.
In the spirit of centralisation, I've also taken the opportunity to
make both functions use the reasonably complete winsock_error_string()
rather than (for some historical reason) each inlining a minimal
version that reports most errors as 'unknown'.
Historically, because of the way Windows Pageant's IPC works, PuTTY's
agent forwarding has always been message-oriented. The channel
implementation in agentf.c deals with receiving a data stream from the
remote agent client and breaking it up into messages, and then it
passes each message individually to agent_query().
On Unix, this is more work than is really needed, and I've always
meant to get round to doing the more obvious thing: making an agent
forwarding channel into simply a stream-oriented proxy, passing raw
data back and forth between the SSH channel and the local AF_UNIX
socket without having to know or care about the message boundaries in
the stream.
The portfwdmgr_connect_socket() facility introduced by the previous
commit is the missing piece of infrastructure to make that possible.
Now, the agent client module provides an API that includes a callback
you can pass to portfwdmgr_connect_socket() to open a streamed agent
connection, and the agent forwarding setup function tries to use that
where possible, only falling back to the message-based agentf.c system
if it can't be done. On Windows, the new piece of agent-client API
returns failure, so we still fall back to agentf.c there.
There are two benefits to doing it this way. One is that it's just
simpler and more robust: if PuTTY isn't trying to parse the agent
connection, then it has less work to do and fewer places to introduce
bugs. The other is that it's futureproof against changes in the agent
protocol: if any kind of extension is ever introduced that requires
keeping state within a single agent connection, or that changes the
protocol itself so that agentf's message-boundary detection stops
working, then this forwarding system will still work.
When I'm declaring a local instance of some context structure type to
pass to a function which will pass it in turn to a callback, I've
tended to use a declaration of the form
struct context actx, *ctx = &actx;
so that the outermost caller can initialise the context, and/or read
out fields of it afterwards, by the same syntax 'ctx->foo' that the
callback function will be using. So you get visual consistency between
the two functions that share this context.
It only just occurred to me that there's a much neater way to declare
a context struct of this kind, which still makes 'ctx' behave like a
pointer in the owning function, and doesn't need all that weird
verbiage or a spare variable name:
struct context ctx[1];
That's much nicer! I've switched to doing that in all existing cases I
could find, and also in a couple of cases where I hadn't previously
bothered to do the previous more cumbersome idiom.
The do_select function is called with a boolean parameter indicating
whether we're supposed to start or stop paying attention to network
activity on a given socket. So if we freeze and unfreeze the socket in
mid-session because of backlog, we'll call do_select(s, false) to
freeze it, and do_select(s, true) to unfreeze it.
But the implementation of do_select in the Windows SFTP code predated
the rigorous handling of socket backlogs, so it assumed that
do_select(s, true) would only be called at initialisation time, i.e.
only once, and therefore that it was safe to use that flag as a cue to
set up the Windows event object to associate with socket activity.
Hence, every time the socket was frozen and unfrozen, we would create
a new netevent at unfreeze time, leaking the old one.
I think perhaps part of the reason why that was hard to figure out was
that the boolean parameter was called 'startup' rather than 'enable'.
To make it less confusing the next time I read this code, I've also
renamed it, and while I was at it, adjusted another related comment.
This commit switches as many ssh_hash_free / ssh_hash_new pairs as
possible to reuse the previous hash object via ssh_hash_reset. Also a
few other cleanups: use the wrapper function hash_simple() where
possible, and I've also introduced ssh_hash_digest_nondestructive()
and switched to that where possible as well.
Up until now, it's been a variadic _function_, whose argument list
consists of 'const char *' ASCIZ strings to concatenate, terminated by
one containing a null pointer. Now, that function is dupcat_fn(), and
it's wrapped by a C99 variadic _macro_ called dupcat(), which
automatically suffixes the null-pointer terminating argument.
This has three benefits. Firstly, it's just less effort at every call
site. Secondly, it protects against the risk of accidentally leaving
off the NULL, causing arbitrary words of stack memory to be
dereferenced as char pointers. And thirdly, it protects against the
more subtle risk of writing a bare 'NULL' as the terminating argument,
instead of casting it explicitly to a pointer. That last one is
necessary because C permits the macro NULL to expand to an integer
constant such as 0, so NULL by itself may not have pointer type, and
worse, it may not be marshalled in a variadic argument list in the
same way as a pointer. (For example, on a 64-bit machine it might only
occupy 32 bits. And yet, on another 64-bit platform, it might work
just fine, so that you don't notice the mistake!)
I was inspired to do this by happening to notice one of those bare
NULL terminators, and thinking I'd better check if there were any
more. Turned out there were quite a few. Now there are none.
Thanks to Patrick Stekovic for pointing out that, unlike sensible IP
stacks, Windows requires a non-default socket option to prevent a
second application from binding to a port you were already listening
on, causing some of your incoming connections to be diverted.
This replaces the previous setsockopt that enabled SO_REUSEADDR, which
I put there a long time ago in order to fix an annoying behaviour if
you used the same listening socket twice in rapid succession (e.g. for
successive PuTTYs forwarding the same port) and the second one failed
to bind the listening port because a left-over connection from the
first one was still in TIME_WAIT and causing the port number to be
marked as used.
As far as I can see, SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE and SO_REUSEADDR are mutually
exclusive - if I try to set both, either way round, then setsockopt
returns failure on the second one - so if I have to set the former
then I _can't_ set the latter. And fortunately, re-testing on Windows
10, the TIME_WAIT problem that SO_REUSEADDR was supposed to solve
doesn't seem to exist any more: I deliberately tried listening on a
port that had a TIME_WAIT connection sitting on it, and it worked for
me even without SO_REUSEADDR.
(I can't remember now whether I definitely confirmed the TIME_WAIT
problem on a previous version of Windows, or whether I just assumed it
would happen on Windows in the same way as Linux, where I definitely
do remember observing it.)
While I'm changing that setsockopt call, I've also fixed its 'on'
parameter so that it's a BOOL rather than an int, in accordance with
the docs for WinSock setsockopt.
The message "Reusing a shared connection to this server" is sent to
the seat's output method during the call to ssh_init. In Windows
Plink, that output method wants to talk to the BinarySink stderr_bs
(or stdout_bs, but for this particular message, stderr). So we have to
have already set up stderr_bs by the time the backend init function is
called.
When I introduced the unreachable() macro in commit 0112936ef, I
searched the source code for assert(0) and assert(false), together
with their variant form assert(0 && "explanatory text"). But I didn't
search for assert(!"explanatory text"), which is the form I used to
use before finding that assert(0 && "text") seemed to be preferred in
other code bases.
So, here's a belated replacement of all the assert(!"stuff") macros
with further instances of unreachable().
The number of people has been steadily increasing who read our source
code with an editor that thinks tab stops are 4 spaces apart, as
opposed to the traditional tty-derived 8 that the PuTTY code expects.
So I've been wondering for ages about just fixing it, and switching to
a spaces-only policy throughout the code. And I recently found out
about 'git blame -w', which should make this change not too disruptive
for the purposes of source-control archaeology; so perhaps now is the
time.
While I'm at it, I've also taken the opportunity to remove all the
trailing spaces from source lines (on the basis that git dislikes
them, and is the only thing that seems to have a strong opinion one
way or the other).
Apologies to anyone downstream of this code who has complicated patch
sets to rebase past this change. I don't intend it to be needed again.
